postgres-patterns

A reference for designing and tuning PostgreSQL databases, including tables, data types, indexes, queries, connection pooling, and row-level security.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it when writing SQL or migrations, designing a schema, adding indexes, investigating slow queries, configuring connections, or implementing row-level security.
Why use it?
It helps avoid slow queries, unsuitable data types, weak access controls, and inefficient database structures.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/codelably/harmony-claude-code/postgres-patterns
Any agent
npx skills add codelably/harmony-claude-code --skill postgres-patterns
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/codelably/harmony-claude-code

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Per session 28 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 1,151 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5 $0.00028 $0.01151
Opus 5 $0.00014 $0.00575
Sonnet 5 $0.00006 $0.00230
Haiku 4.5 $0.00003 $0.00115

Measured 2d ago against content hash 580218a249f7, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-08-30, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

postgres-patterns scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 2d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

docs/zh-TW/skills/postgres-patterns/SKILL.md · 147 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 147 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

PostgreSQL 模式

PostgreSQL 最佳實務快速參考。詳細指南請使用 database-reviewer agent。

何時啟用

  • 撰寫 SQL 查詢或 migrations
  • 設計資料庫 schema
  • 疑難排解慢查詢
  • 實作 Row Level Security
  • 設定連線池

快速參考

索引速查表

查詢模式 索引類型 範例
WHERE col = value B-tree(預設) CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col)
WHERE col > value B-tree CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col)
WHERE a = x AND b > y 複合 CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b)
WHERE jsonb @> '{}' GIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col)
WHERE tsv @@ query GIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col)
時間序列範圍 BRIN CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col)

資料類型快速參考

使用情況 正確類型 避免
IDs bigint int、隨機 UUID
字串 text varchar(255)
時間戳 timestamptz timestamp
金額 numeric(10,2) float
旗標 boolean varcharint

常見模式

複合索引順序:

-- 等值欄位優先,然後是範圍欄位
CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at);
-- 適用於:WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01'

覆蓋索引:

CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
-- 避免 SELECT email, name, created_at 時的表格查詢

部分索引:

CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
-- 更小的索引,只包含活躍使用者

RLS 政策(優化):

CREATE POLICY policy ON orders
  USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id);  -- 用 SELECT 包裝!

UPSERT:

INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value;

游標分頁:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
-- O(1) vs OFFSET 是 O(n)

佇列處理:

UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing'
WHERE id = (
  SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending'
  ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1
  FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
) RETURNING *;

反模式偵測

-- 找出未建索引的外鍵
SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname
FROM pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
  AND NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i
    WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
  );

-- 找出慢查詢
SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls
FROM pg_stat_statements
WHERE mean_exec_time > 100
ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC;

-- 檢查表格膨脹
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000
ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC;

Read the full file on GitHub · 147 lines

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 2d ago First seen · 147 lines · 28 tokens per session scan A 580218a249f7

Subscribe to this mod's changes

postgres-patterns is a skill published in the GitHub repository codelably/harmony-claude-code (42 stars, last pushed 6mo ago), licensed MIT. It adds 28 tokens to every session and 1,151 once invoked, about $0.0001 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-30.

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