04-backend-rust

Rust后端开发规范

🏗️ 项目结构

参考: APP_HouDuan/src

src/
├── api/v1/              # API路由处理器
├── models/              # 数据模型
├── repositories/        # 数据访问层
├── services/            # 业务逻辑层
├── middleware/          # 中间件
├── utils/               # 工具函数
├── bootstrap/           # 应用启动配置
└── main.rs              # 入口文件

📦 依赖管理

参考: APP_HouDuan/Cargo.toml

核心依赖

• actix-web 4.4: Web框架
• rusqlite 0.29: SQLite数据库
• serde + serde_json: 序列化/反序列化
• jsonwebtoken 9.2: JWT认证
• bcrypt 0.15: 密码哈希
• chrono 0.4: 日期时间处理
• log + env_logger: 日志记录

🎯 分层架构实现

1. Model层 (数据模型)

参考: APP_HouDuan/src/models

// ✅ 推荐: 定义清晰的数据模型
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct User {
    pub id: i64,
    pub username: String,
    pub email: String,
    #[serde(skip_serializing)]
    pub password_hash: String,
    pub role: UserRole,
    pub avatar: Option<String>,
    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
pub enum UserRole {
    Admin,
    User,
    Guest,
}

// 请求DTO
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
pub struct CreateUserRequest {
    pub username: String,
    pub email: String,
    pub password: String,
}

// 响应DTO
#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
pub struct UserResponse {
    pub id: i64,
    pub username: String,
    pub email: String,
    pub role: UserRole,
    pub avatar: Option<String>,
}

impl From<User> for UserResponse {
    fn from(user: User) -> Self {
        Self {
            id: user.id,
            username: user.username,
            email: user.email,
            role: user.role,
            avatar: user.avatar,
        }
    }
}

2. Repository层 (数据访问)

参考: APP_HouDuan/src/repositories

// ✅ 推荐: 使用Repository模式封装数据访问
use rusqlite::{Connection, params, Result};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

pub struct UserRepository {
    conn: Arc<Mutex<Connection>>,
}

impl UserRepository {
    pub fn new(conn: Arc<Mutex<Connection>>) -> Self {
        Self { conn }
    }
    
    pub fn find_by_id(&self, id: i64) -> Result<Option<User>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT id, username, email, password_hash, role, avatar, 
             created_at, updated_at FROM users WHERE id = ?"
        )?;
        
        let user = stmt.query_row(params![id], |row| {
            Ok(User {
                id: row.get(0)?,
                username: row.get(1)?,
                email: row.get(2)?,
                password_hash: row.get(3)?,
                role: row.get(4)?,
                avatar: row.get(5)?,
                created_at: row.get(6)?,
                updated_at: row.get(7)?,
            })
        }).optional()?;
        
        Ok(user)
    }
    
    pub fn find_by_username(&self, username: &str) -> Result<Option<User>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT id, username, email, password_hash, role, avatar, 
             created_at, updated_at FROM users WHERE username = ?"
        )?;
        
        let user = stmt.query_row(params![username], |row| {
            // 映射逻辑...
        }).optional()?;
        
        Ok(user)
    }
    
    pub fn create(&self, req: CreateUserRequest, password_hash: String) -> Result<User> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT INTO users (username, email, password_hash, role, created_at, updated_at) 
             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, datetime('now'), datetime('now'))",
            params![req.username, req.email, password_hash, "user"],
        )?;
        
        let id = conn.last_insert_rowid();
        self.find_by_id(id)?.ok_or_else(|| {
            rusqlite::Error::QueryReturnedNoRows
        })
    }
    
    pub fn update(&self, id: i64, user: UpdateUserRequest) -> Result<User> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        
        conn.execute(
            "UPDATE users SET email = ?1, avatar = ?2, updated_at = datetime('now') 
             WHERE id = ?3",
            params![user.email, user.avatar, id],
        )?;
        
        self.find_by_id(id)?.ok_or_else(|| {
            rusqlite::Error::QueryReturnedNoRows
        })
    }
}