ato

ato is a declarative DSL to design electronics (PCBs) with. It is part of the atopile project. Atopile is run by the vscode/cursor/windsurf extension. The CLI (which is invoked by the extension) actually builds the project.

Not available in ato

• if statements
• while loops
• functions (calls or definitions)
• classes
• objects
• exceptions
• generators

Ato Syntax

ato sytax is heavily inspired by Python, but fully declarative. ato thus has no procedural code, and no side effects.

Examples of syntax

#pragma text
#pragma func("X")
# enable for loop syntax feature:
#pragma experiment("FOR_LOOP)

# --- Imports ---
# Standard import (newline terminated)
import ModuleName

# Import with multiple modules (newline terminated)
import Module1, Module2.Submodule

# Import from a specific file/source (newline terminated)
from "path/to/source.ato" import SpecificModule

# Multiple imports on one line (semicolon separated)
import AnotherModule; from "another/source.ato" import AnotherSpecific

# Deprecated import form (newline terminated)
# TODO: remove when unsupported
import DeprecatedModule from "other/source.ato"

# --- Top-level Definitions and Statements ---

pass
pass;

"docstring-like statement"
"docstring-like statement";

top_level_var = 123

# Compound statement
pass; another_var = 456; "another docstring"

# Block definitions
component MyComponent:
    # Simple statement inside block (newline terminated)
    pass

    # Multiple simple statements on one line (semicolon separated)
    pass; internal_flag = True

module AnotherBaseModule:
    pin base_pin
    base_param = 10

interface MyInterface:
    pin io

module DemoModule from AnotherBaseModule:
    # --- Declarations ---
    pin p1              # Pin declaration with name
    pin 1               # Pin declaration with number
    pin "GND"           # Pin declaration with string
    signal my_signal    # Signal definition
    a_field: AnotherBaseModule      # Field declaration with type hint

    # --- Assignments ---
    # Newline terminated:
    internal_variable = 123

    # Semicolon separated on one line:
    var_a = 1; var_b = "string"

    # Cumulative assignment (+=, -=) - Newline terminated
    value = 1
    value += 1; value -= 1

    # Set assignment (|=, &=) - Newline terminated
    flags |= 1; flags &= 2

    # --- Connections ---
    p1 ~ base_pin
    mif ~> bridge
    mif ~> bridge ~> bridge
    mif ~> bridge ~> bridge ~> mif
    bridge ~> mif
    mif <~ bridge
    mif <~ bridge <~ bridge
    mif <~ bridge <~ bridge <~ mif
    bridge <~ mif

    # Semicolon separated on one line:
    p_multi1 ~ my_signal; p_multi2 ~ sig_multi1

    # --- Retyping ---
    instance.x -> AnotherBaseModule

    # --- Instantiation ---
    instance = new MyComponent
    container = new MyComponent[10]
    templated_instance_a = new MyComponent
    templated_instance_b = new MyComponent<int_=1>
    templated_instance_c = new MyComponent<float_=2.5>
    templated_instance_d = new MyComponent<string_="hello">
    templated_instance_e = new MyComponent<int_=1, float_=2.5, string_="hello">
    templated_instance_f = new MyComponent<int_=1, float_=2.5, string_="hello", bool_=True>

    # Semicolon separated instantiations (via assignment):
    inst_a = new MyComponent; inst_b = new AnotherBaseModule

    # --- Traits ---
    trait trait_name
    trait trait_name<int_=1>
    trait trait_name<float_=2.5>
    trait trait_name<string_="hello">
    trait trait_name<bool_=True>
    trait trait_name::constructor
    trait trait_name::constructor<int_=1>

    # Semicolon separated on one line:
    trait TraitA; trait TraitB::constructor; trait TraitC<arg_=1>

    # --- Assertions ---
    assert x > 5V
    assert x < 10V
    assert 5V < x < 10V
    assert x >= 5V
    assert x <= 10V
    assert current within 1A +/- 10mA
    assert voltage within 1V +/- 10%
    assert resistance is 1kohm to 1.1kohm

    # Semicolon separated on one line:
    assert x is 1V; assert another_param is 2V

    # --- Loops ---
    for item in container:
        item ~ p1

    # For loop iterating over a slice
    for item in container[0:4]:
        pass
        item.value = 1; pass

    # For loop iterating over a list literal of field references
    for ref in [p1, x.1, x.GND]:
        pass

    # --- References and Indexing ---
    # Reference with array index assignment
    array_element = container[3]

    # --- Literals and Expressions ---
    # Integer
    int_val = 100
    neg_int_val = -50
    hex_val = 0xF1
    bin_val = 0b10
    oct_val = 0o10
    # Float
    float_val = 3.14
    # Physical quantities
    voltage: V = 5V
    resistance: ohm = 10kohm
    capacitance: F = 100nF
    # Bilateral tolerance
    tolerance_val = 1kohm +/- 10%
    tolerance_abs = 5V +/- 500mV
    tolerance_explicit_unit = 10A +/- 1A
    # Bounded quantity (range)
    voltage_range = 3V to 3.6V
    # Boolean
    is_enabled = True
    is_active = False
    # String
    message = "Hello inside module"

    # Arithmetic expressions
    sum_val = 1 + 2
    diff_val = 10 - 3ohm
    prod_val = 5 * 2mA
    div_val = 10V / 2kohm # Results in current
    power_val = 2**3
    complex_expr = (5 + 3) * 2 - 1
    flag_check = state | MASK_VALUE

    # Comparisons
    assert voltage within voltage_range
    assert length <= 5mm
    assert height >= 2mm



# --- Multi-line variations ---
pass; nested_var=1; another=2

complex_assignment = (
    voltage + resistance
    * capacitance
)