rust-advanced

Rust 高级实践

本文档是从 @rust-basics 分割出来的高级主题部分，涵盖测试策略、性能优化、安全实践和最佳实践。

Cargo.toml (工作区根)

[workspace] members = [ "crates/core", "crates/api", "crates/cli", "crates/utils", ]

[workspace.dependencies]

共享依赖版本

serde = "1.0" tokio = "1.0" anyhow = "1.0"

### 条件编译
```rust
// 使用条件编译处理平台差异
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
mod linux_specific {
    pub fn get_os_info() -> String {
        "Linux".to_string()
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
mod macos_specific {
    pub fn get_os_info() -> String {
        "macOS".to_string()
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
mod windows_specific {
    pub fn get_os_info() -> String {
        "Windows".to_string()
    }
}

pub fn get_platform_info() -> String {
    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
    return linux_specific::get_os_info();

    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    return macos_specific::get_os_info();

    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
    return windows_specific::get_os_info();

    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
    "Unknown".to_string()
}

🧪 测试策略

单元测试和集成测试

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::sync::Arc;

    // ✅ 推荐：单元测试
    #[test]
    fn test_user_creation() {
        let username = "john_doe".to_string();
        let email = "[email protected]".to_string();

        let user = User::new(username.clone(), email.clone());

        assert_eq!(user.username, username);
        assert_eq!(user.email, email);
        assert_eq!(user.id, 0); // 默认ID
        assert!(user.created_at <= chrono::Utc::now());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_user_validation() {
        // 有效用户
        let user = User::new("john".to_string(), "[email protected]".to_string());
        assert!(user.validate().is_ok());

        // 无效用户名
        let invalid_user = User::new("".to_string(), "[email protected]".to_string());
        assert!(invalid_user.validate().is_err());

        // 无效邮箱
        let invalid_user2 = User::new("john".to_string(), "invalid-email".to_string());
        assert!(invalid_user2.validate().is_err());
    }