iot-embedded-patterns

IoT & Embedded Patterns Skill

Instructions for AI

Apply IoT, embedded systems, and industrial automation best practices when designing, implementing, or reviewing systems that involve sensors, actuators, PLCs, communication protocols (MQTT, OPC UA, Modbus), and edge computing. Use this skill for anything related to hardware-software integration, real-time data acquisition, and industrial IoT architectures.

Core Patterns

1. Sensor Abstraction Layer

Decouple business logic from hardware-specific sensor drivers.

from typing import Protocol
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime, UTC

class SensorDriver(Protocol):
    """Hardware-agnostic sensor interface."""
    async def read(self) -> float: ...
    @property
    def sensor_id(self) -> str: ...
    @property
    def unit(self) -> str: ...
    @property
    def is_healthy(self) -> bool: ...

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SensorReading:
    sensor_id: str
    value: float
    unit: str
    timestamp: datetime = field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(UTC))
    quality: str = "good"  # good | uncertain | bad | out_of_range

# Concrete implementation for analog input
class AnalogSensor:
    def __init__(self, channel: int, sensor_id: str, unit: str, scale: float = 1.0, offset: float = 0.0) -> None:
        self._channel = channel
        self._sensor_id = sensor_id
        self._unit = unit
        self._scale = scale
        self._offset = offset

    async def read(self) -> float:
        raw = await self._read_adc(self._channel)
        return raw * self._scale + self._offset

    @property
    def sensor_id(self) -> str: return self._sensor_id

    @property
    def unit(self) -> str: return self._unit

    @property
    def is_healthy(self) -> bool: return True

    async def _read_adc(self, channel: int) -> float:
        """Platform-specific ADC read — override per hardware."""
        ...

2. Actuator Command Pattern

Safe, auditable actuator control with state validation.