frontend-development

Frontend Development

Project-specific patterns for React/Next.js/TypeScript frontend work.

Architecture Decisions

Server-First Boundaries

Start with Server Components. Only add 'use client' when you need interactivity, state, or browser APIs. Extract only the interactive leaf — not the entire page or section.

Colocation Over Centralization

Types, hooks, and utilities that serve one feature live in that feature's directory. Only truly shared code goes in global directories.

Composition Over Customization

Compose existing components rather than adding props/variants. shadcn/ui components are meant to be copied and modified. Build up from primitives.

Data Flows Down, Events Flow Up

Server fetches data and passes it as props. Client components handle interactions and call server actions. Never fetch in client components what could be fetched on the server.

Gotchas

• 'use client' does NOT mean "runs only in the browser" — it runs on the server during SSR too. It means "include in the client bundle." Putting secrets or DB calls in a 'use client' file will leak them.
• Importing a Server Component into a Client Component makes it a Client Component. The boundary propagates DOWN. Pass server content as children props instead.
• useEffect with empty deps fires AFTER paint — use useLayoutEffect for DOM measurements that affect layout, but never in Server Components.
• Next.js fetch() caches by default in App Router. Add { cache: 'no-store' } or revalidate: 0 for data that must be fresh. Forgetting this causes stale data bugs that only appear in production.
• Tailwind classes are purged at build time — dynamically constructed class names like bg-${color}-500 will be missing. Use complete class names or safelist them.
• key prop on mapped elements must be stable and unique. Using array index as key causes subtle bugs when list items are reordered, inserted, or deleted.
• useSearchParams() requires a <Suspense> boundary in Next.js App Router or the entire page becomes client-rendered.
• shadcn/ui components are source code, not a library. After npx shadcn-ui add, the component lives in YOUR codebase — modify it directly, don't wrap it.
• React Hook Form's register() returns a ref — don't also pass your own ref to the same input without merging them.
• async Server Components that throw redirect() or notFound() must NOT be wrapped in try/catch — these work by throwing special errors that Next.js catches upstream.