batch-files

Batch Files

A comprehensive skill for creating, editing, debugging, and maintaining Windows batch files (.bat/.cmd) using cmd.exe. Applies to CLI tool development, system administration automation, scheduled tasks, file operations scripting, and PATH-based executable scripts.

When to Use This Skill

• Creating or editing .bat or .cmd files
• Automating Windows tasks (file operations, deployments, backups)
• Building CLI tools intended for a bin/ folder on PATH
• Writing scheduled task scripts (SCHTASKS, Task Scheduler)
• Debugging batch script issues (variable expansion, error levels, quoting)
• Integrating batch scripts with external tools (curl, git, Node.js, Python)
• Scaffolding new batch-based projects with structured templates

Prerequisites

• Windows NT-based OS (Windows 7 or later)
• cmd.exe (built-in)
• Optional: a bin/ directory on PATH for distributing scripts as commands
• Optional: PATHEXT configured to include .BAT;.CMD (default on Windows)

Command Interpretation

cmd.exe processes each line through four stages in order:

1. Variable substitution — %VAR% tokens are replaced with environment variable values. %0–%9 reference batch arguments. %* expands to all arguments.
2. Quoting and escaping — Caret ^ escapes special characters (& | < > ^). Quotation marks prevent interpretation of enclosed special characters. In batch files, %% yields a literal %.
3. Syntax parsing — Lines are split into pipelines (|), compound commands (&, &&, ||), and parenthesized groups ( ).
4. Redirection — > overwrites, >> appends, < reads input, 2> redirects stderr, 2>&1 merges stderr into stdout, >NUL discards output.

Variables

Environment Variables

set _MY_VAR=Hello World
echo %_MY_VAR%
set _MY_VAR=

• set with no arguments lists all variables
• set _PREFIX lists variables starting with _PREFIX
• No spaces around = — set name = val sets variable "name " to " val"