wps-data-viz

数据可视化仪表盘

数据 → KPI卡片 + 趋势图 + 占比图 → 一页式数据概览。

不用Power BI，Excel也能做出专业仪表盘。

When to Use

• 制作数据概览/仪表盘
• 月度/季度数据一页展示
• KPI指标可视化
• 用户说"做个数据仪表盘""数据大屏"

When NOT to Use

• 单个图表 → 使用 wps-chart
• 数据透视分析 → 使用 wps-pivot

仪表盘布局

┌─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐
│  KPI 1  │  KPI 2  │  KPI 3  │  KPI 4  │
│ 总收入  │ 订单数  │ 客单价  │ 转化率  │
│ ¥125万  │ 3,456  │ ¥362   │ 4.2%   │
│ ↑12.5%  │ ↑8.3%  │ ↓2.1%  │ ↑0.5%  │
├─────────┴─────────┼─────────┴─────────┤
│                    │                    │
│  收入趋势折线图    │  品类占比饼图      │
│  (12个月)          │                    │
│                    │                    │
├────────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│                    │                    │
│  TOP10产品柱状图   │  地区分布表格      │
│                    │                    │
└────────────────────┴────────────────────┘

工作流程

Step 1: 确认仪表盘要素

• KPI指标：需要展示哪些关键数字
• 趋势图：哪些数据看趋势
• 占比图：哪些数据看构成
• 排名表：哪些数据看排名
• 数据源：数据在哪里

Step 2: 生成仪表盘

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, LineChart, PieChart, Reference
from openpyxl.chart.label import DataLabelList
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, PatternFill, Border, Side
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
import os

def create_dashboard(kpis, charts_data, output_path=None):
    """
    kpis = [
        {'name': '总收入', 'value': '¥125万', 'change': '+12.5%', 'trend': 'up'},
        {'name': '订单数', 'value': '3,456', 'change': '+8.3%', 'trend': 'up'},
    ]
    charts_data = {
        'trend': {'labels': [...], 'values': [...]},
        'pie': {'labels': [...], 'values': [...]},
        'bar': {'labels': [...], 'values': [...]},
    }
    """
    wb = Workbook()
    ws = wb.active
    ws.title = "数据仪表盘"
    ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = '2C3E50'

    # 隐藏网格线
    ws.sheet_view.showGridLines = False

    # KPI卡片
    kpi_colors = ['3498DB', '2ECC71', 'E74C3C', 'F39C12']
    for i, kpi in enumerate(kpis[:4]):
        col_start = i * 4 + 1
        ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=col_start,
                       end_row=2, end_column=col_start + 3)
        ws.merge_cells(start_row=3, start_column=col_start,
                       end_row=3, end_column=col_start + 3)
        ws.merge_cells(start_row=4, start_column=col_start,
                       end_row=4, end_column=col_start + 3)

        color = kpi_colors[i % len(kpi_colors)]
        fill = PatternFill('solid', fgColor=color)

        # 指标名
        cell = ws.cell(row=2, column=col_start, value=kpi['name'])
        cell.font = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=11, color='FFFFFF')
        cell.fill = fill
        cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center')

        # 指标值
        cell = ws.cell(row=3, column=col_start, value=kpi['value'])
        cell.font = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=22, bold=True, color='FFFFFF')
        cell.fill = fill
        cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center')

        # 变化
        arrow = '↑' if kpi.get('trend') == 'up' else '↓'
        cell = ws.cell(row=4, column=col_start,
                       value=f'{arrow} {kpi["change"]}')
        cell.font = Font(name='微软雅黑', size=10, color='FFFFFF')
        cell.fill = fill
        cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center')

    # 数据区域（隐藏，供图表引用）
    data_start_row = 30
    if 'trend' in charts_data:
        td = charts_data['trend']
        for i, label in enumerate(td['labels']):
            ws.cell(row=data_start_row + i, column=1, value=label)
            ws.cell(row=data_start_row + i, column=2, value=td['values'][i])

        chart = LineChart()
        chart.title = "趋势"
        chart.width = 20
        chart.height = 12
        chart.style = 10
        data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=data_start_row,
                        max_row=data_start_row + len(td['labels']) - 1)
        cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=data_start_row,
                        max_row=data_start_row + len(td['labels']) - 1)
        chart.add_data(data)
        chart.set_categories(cats)
        ws.add_chart(chart, 'A6')

    if 'pie' in charts_data:
        pd = charts_data['pie']
        for i, label in enumerate(pd['labels']):
            ws.cell(row=data_start_row + i, column=4, value=label)
            ws.cell(row=data_start_row + i, column=5, value=pd['values'][i])

        chart = PieChart()
        chart.title = "占比"
        chart.width = 14
        chart.height = 12
        data = Reference(ws, min_col=5, min_row=data_start_row,
                        max_row=data_start_row + len(pd['labels']) - 1)
        cats = Reference(ws, min_col=4, min_row=data_start_row,
                        max_row=data_start_row + len(pd['labels']) - 1)
        chart.add_data(data)
        chart.set_categories(cats)
        chart.dataLabels = DataLabelList()
        chart.dataLabels.showPercent = True
        ws.add_chart(chart, 'I6')

    if not output_path:
        output_path = '数据仪表盘.xlsx'
    wb.save(output_path)
    return os.path.abspath(output_path)