elixir-phoenix-oban

Oban Background Jobs Reference

Quick reference for Elixir Oban patterns.

Oban Pro Detection

Before applying patterns, check for Oban Pro:

grep -E "oban_pro|oban_web" mix.exs
grep -r "use Oban.Pro.Worker" lib/
grep -r "Oban.Pro.Engines.Smart" config/

If Oban Pro detected, use Pro patterns for ALL new workers:

Standard Oban	Oban Pro
use Oban.Worker	use Oban.Pro.Worker
def perform(%Job{})	def process(%Job{})
Oban.Testing	Oban.Pro.Testing
Advisory lock engine	Oban.Pro.Engines.Smart

Pro features (all optional): args_schema (typed args), Workflows, Batches, Chunks, Relay, hooks, encryption, deadlines, chaining, Smart Engine (global concurrency + rate limiting). Pro plugins (DynamicCron, DynamicLifeline, DynamicPruner) enhance OSS equivalents — swap module, don't run both. See referenceselixir-phoenix-oban-pro-basics.md for all patterns and migration guide.

---

Iron Laws — Never Violate These

1. JOBS MUST BE IDEMPOTENT — Safe to retry. Use idempotency keys for payments
2. JOBS MUST STORE IDs, NOT STRUCTS — JSON serialization. %{user_id: 1} not %{user: %User{}}
3. JOBS MUST HANDLE ALL RETURN VALUES — :ok, {:error, _}, {:cancel, _}, {:snooze, _}
4. ARGS USE STRING KEYS — Pattern match %{"user_id" => id} not %{user_id: id}
5. UNIQUE CONSTRAINTS FOR USER ACTIONS — Prevent double-click duplicates
6. NEVER STORE LARGE DATA IN ARGS — Store references (IDs, paths), not content
7. SMART ENGINE: NEVER USE attempt TO LIMIT SNOOZES — Snooze rolls back attempt counter. Use meta["snoozed"] instead. Causes infinite loops

Quick Worker Template

defmodule MyApp.Workers.ExampleWorker do
  use Oban.Worker,
    queue: :default,
    max_attempts: 5,
    unique: [period: {5, :minutes}, keys: [:entity_id]]

  @impl Oban.Worker
  def perform(%Oban.Job{args: %{"entity_id" => id}}) do
    case process(id) do
      {:ok, _} -> :ok
      {:error, :not_found} -> {:cancel, "Entity not found"}
      {:error, :rate_limited} -> {:snooze, {5, :minutes}}
      {:error, reason} -> {:error, reason}
    end
  end
end