minimal-proxy

EIP-1167 Minimal Proxy (Clones)

Overview

EIP-1167 defines a minimal bytecode proxy that delegates all calls to a known implementation. The clone is only 45 bytes of bytecode and costs ~36,000 gas to deploy (vs ~200,000+ for a full contract). Not upgradeable — the implementation address is baked into the bytecode.

Clone Bytecode

363d3d373d3d3d363d73<implementation>5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3

This is a pure delegatecall forwarder. All storage lives in the clone, logic executes from the implementation.

Factory Pattern with OpenZeppelin Clones

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Clones} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/Clones.sol";

contract VaultFactory {
    using Clones for address;

    address public immutable implementation;
    address[] public allVaults;

    event VaultCreated(address indexed vault, address indexed owner, uint256 index);

    constructor(address implementation_) {
        implementation = implementation_;
    }

    function createVault(
        address owner,
        address asset,
        string calldata name
    ) external returns (address vault) {
        vault = implementation.clone();
        IVault(vault).initialize(owner, asset, name);
        allVaults.push(vault);
        emit VaultCreated(vault, owner, allVaults.length - 1);
    }

    function createVaultDeterministic(
        address owner,
        address asset,
        string calldata name,
        bytes32 salt
    ) external returns (address vault) {
        vault = implementation.cloneDeterministic(salt);
        IVault(vault).initialize(owner, asset, name);
        allVaults.push(vault);
        emit VaultCreated(vault, owner, allVaults.length - 1);
    }

    function predictAddress(bytes32 salt) external view returns (address) {
        return implementation.predictDeterministicAddress(salt, address(this));
    }

    function vaultCount() external view returns (uint256) {
        return allVaults.length;
    }
}