nginx

Nginx Configuration and Optimization

Overview

Nginx web server configuration, reverse proxy, load balancing, performance optimization and other skills.

Basic Management

Service Control

# Start/Stop services
systemctl start nginx
systemctl stop nginx
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl reload nginx              # Graceful reload config

# Configuration test
nginx -t
nginx -T                            # Test and print config

Configuration Files

# Main configuration file
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# Site configuration
/etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf
/etc/nginx/sites-available/
/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

# Log files
/var/log/nginx/access.log
/var/log/nginx/error.log

Basic Configuration

Static Website

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    root /var/www/html;
    index index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    # Static resource caching
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
}

HTTPS Configuration

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/key.pem;
    
    # SSL optimization
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 1d;

    # HSTS
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;
}

# HTTP redirect to HTTPS
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

Reverse Proxy

Basic Proxy

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name api.example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}