capture-screen

Capture Screen

Programmatic screenshot capture on macOS: find windows, control views, capture images.

Quick Start

# Find Excel window ID
swift scripts/get_window_id.swift Excel

# Capture that window (replace 12345 with actual WID)
screencapture -x -l 12345 output.png

Overview

Three-step workflow:

1. Find Window  →  Swift CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo  →  get numeric Window ID
2. Control View  →  AppleScript (osascript)           →  zoom, scroll, select
3. Capture       →  screencapture -l <WID>            →  PNG/JPEG output

Step 1: Get Window ID (Swift)

Use Swift with CoreGraphics to enumerate windows. This is the only reliable method on macOS.

Quick inline execution

swift -e '
import CoreGraphics
let keyword = "Excel"
let list = CGWindowListCopyWindowInfo(.optionOnScreenOnly, kCGNullWindowID) as? [[String: Any]] ?? []
for w in list {
    let owner = w[kCGWindowOwnerName as String] as? String ?? ""
    let name = w[kCGWindowName as String] as? String ?? ""
    let wid = w[kCGWindowNumber as String] as? Int ?? 0
    if owner.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains(keyword) || name.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains(keyword) {
        print("WID=\(wid) | App=\(owner) | Title=\(name)")
    }
}
'

Using the bundled script

swift scripts/get_window_id.swift Excel
swift scripts/get_window_id.swift Chrome
swift scripts/get_window_id.swift          # List all windows

Output format: WID=12345 | App=Microsoft Excel | Title=workbook.xlsx

Parse the WID number for use with screencapture -l.

Step 2: Control Window (AppleScript)

Verified commands for controlling application windows before capture.

Microsoft Excel (full AppleScript support)

# Activate (bring to front)
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel" to activate'

# Set zoom level (percentage)
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel"
    set zoom of active window to 120
end tell'

# Scroll to specific row
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel"
    set scroll row of active window to 45
end tell'

# Scroll to specific column
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel"
    set scroll column of active window to 3
end tell'

# Select a cell range
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel"
    select range "A1" of active sheet
end tell'

# Select a specific sheet
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel"
    activate object sheet "DCF" of active workbook
end tell'

# Open a file
osascript -e 'tell application "Microsoft Excel"
    open POSIX file "/path/to/file.xlsx"
end tell'