qa/integration-testing

集成测试方法论

参考开源实践：Testcontainers、Testing Library、WireMock、Testcontainers-go、Django Test Client

集成测试 vs 单元测试

维度	单元测试	集成测试
范围	单个函数/组件	多个模块协作
依赖	Mock 外部依赖	真实依赖（DB、HTTP）
速度	快（ms）	较慢（s）
目的	验证逻辑正确性	验证模块间协作
数据	Mock 数据	测试数据库/真实数据

1. 后端集成测试

1.1 数据库集成测试

使用真实数据库（Testcontainers 或测试数据库），不 mock Repository 层。

Node.js + Testcontainers (PostgreSQL)

// tests/integration/userRepository.test.ts
import { PostgreSqlContainer } from '@testcontainers/postgresql';
import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client';
import { UserRepository } from '../../src/repositories/userRepository';

describe('UserRepository (integration)', () => {
  let container: StartedPostgreSqlContainer;
  let prisma: PrismaClient;
  let repo: UserRepository;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    container = await new PostgreSqlContainer().start();
    prisma = new PrismaClient({ datasources: { db: { url: container.getConnectionUri() } } });
    await prisma.$executeRawUnsafe('CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp"');
    repo = new UserRepository(prisma);
  }, 60000);

  afterAll(async () => {
    await prisma.$disconnect();
    await container.stop();
  }, 60000);

  beforeEach(async () => {
    await prisma.user.deleteMany();
  });

  it('creates and retrieves user', async () => {
    const user = await repo.create({ name: 'Alice', email: '[email protected]' });
    const found = await repo.findByEmail('[email protected]');

    expect(found?.id).toBe(user.id);
    expect(found?.name).toBe('Alice');
  });

  it('returns null for non-existent email', async () => {
    const found = await repo.findByEmail('[email protected]');
    expect(found).toBeNull();
  });
});

Python + pytest (PostgreSQL)

# tests/integration/test_user_repository.py
import pytest
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from app.models import Base
from app.repositories import UserRepository

@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def db_session():
    engine = create_engine("postgresql://test:test@localhost:5432/test_db")
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
    Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    session = Session()
    yield session
    session.close()
    Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)

def test_create_and_get_user(db_session):
    repo = UserRepository(db_session)
    user = repo.create(name="Alice", email="[email protected]")
    found = repo.find_by_email("[email protected]")
    assert found.id == user.id
    assert found.name == "Alice"