django

Django

Django is a high-level Python web framework encouraging rapid development, pragmatic clean design, built-in ORM security, robust migrations, and asynchronous view support.

When to Use

• Full-Featured Python Web Applications: Batteries-included web development with built-in ORM, admin panel, auth, and migrations.
• Content Management & Enterprise Backends: Developing robust database-backed backends with automatic admin dashboards.
• High-Throughput REST APIs: Building secure APIs using Django REST Framework (DRF) or Django Ninja.
• Async Python Web Services: Utilizing ASGI, async views, and background tasks on Django 5.x.

Quick Start

# models.py
from django.db import models

class Post(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    # New in 5.0: Database generated field
    slug = models.GeneratedField(
        expression=models.functions.Concat(models.F("title"), models.Value("-slug")),
        output_field=models.CharField(max_length=205),
        db_persist=True,
    )

Core Concepts

Django ORM Models & Migrations

Relational schema definition with indexing and query optimizations:

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone

class Customer(models.Model):
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True, db_index=True)
    full_name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-created_at']

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.full_name} ({self.email})"

class Order(models.Model):
    customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='orders')
    total_amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    is_fulfilled = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    placed_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['customer', 'is_fulfilled']),
        ]

High-Performance Querying with select_related & prefetch_related