drizzle

Drizzle ORM

Drizzle ORM is a lightweight, type-safe TypeScript ORM that mirrors SQL syntax directly, featuring zero runtime overhead, instant cold starts, and seamless edge-runtime support.

When to Use

• TypeScript-First Object Relational Mapping: Lightweight, SQL-like ORM with zero code-generation overhead and maximum type safety.
• Serverless & Edge Runtimes: Next.js, Cloudflare Workers, Bun, Supabase, and AWS Lambda with zero cold-start penalty.
• Relational Databases with Precise Control: PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite requiring explicit query execution and predictable SQL output.
• Schema-as-Code & Declarative Migrations: Managing migrations cleanly with drizzle-kit.

Quick Start

// schema.ts
import { pgTable, serial, text, timestamp } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";

export const users = pgTable("users", {
  id: serial("id").primaryKey(),
  name: text("name").notNull(),
  email: text("email").notNull().unique(),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").defaultNow(),
});

// query.ts
import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/node-postgres";
import { users } from "./schema";

const db = drizzle(process.env.DATABASE_URL);
const allUsers = await db.select().from(users);

Core Concepts

Declarative Schema Definition with Relationships

Type-safe table schemas and foreign key relations:

import {
  pgTable,
  serial,
  text,
  timestamp,
  integer,
  boolean,
} from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
import { relations } from "drizzle-orm";

export const users = pgTable("users", {
  id: serial("id").primaryKey(),
  email: text("email").notNull().unique(),
  fullName: text("full_name").notNull(),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").defaultNow().notNull(),
});

export const posts = pgTable("posts", {
  id: serial("id").primaryKey(),
  title: text("title").notNull(),
  authorId: integer("author_id")
    .notNull()
    .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
  published: boolean("published").default(false).notNull(),
});

export const usersRelations = relations(users, ({ many }) => ({
  posts: many(posts),
}));

export const postsRelations = relations(posts, ({ one }) => ({
  author: one(users, {
    fields: [posts.authorId],
    references: [users.id],
  }),
}));