postgresql

A PostgreSQL guide for designing database tables, writing and improving queries, choosing indexes, and administering PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL is a relational database system.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it for schemas, migrations, SQL queries, JSONB data, partitioning, row-level security, common table expressions, query analysis, and connection pooling.
Why use it?
It helps prevent common database design problems and make data access faster, safer, and easier to maintain.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/iliaal/whetstone/postgresql
Any agent
npx skills add iliaal/whetstone --skill postgresql
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/iliaal/whetstone

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Per session 61 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 1,474 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5 $0.00061 $0.01474
Opus 5 $0.00030 $0.00737
Sonnet 5 $0.00012 $0.00295
Haiku 4.5 $0.00006 $0.00147

Measured 3d ago against content hash 6fc8e4d45029, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-08-30, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

postgresql scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 3d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

distillery/generated-skills/postgresql/SKILL.md · 139 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 139 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

PostgreSQL

Data Type Defaults

Need Use Avoid
Primary key BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY SERIAL, BIGSERIAL
Timestamps TIMESTAMPTZ TIMESTAMP (loses timezone)
Text TEXT VARCHAR(n) unless constraint needed
Money NUMERIC(precision, scale) MONEY, FLOAT
Boolean BOOLEAN with NOT NULL DEFAULT nullable booleans
JSON JSONB JSON (no indexing), text JSON
UUID gen_random_uuid() (PG13+) uuid-ossp extension
IP addresses INET / CIDR text
Ranges TSTZRANGE, INT4RANGE, etc. pair of columns

Schema Rules

  • Every FK column gets an index (PG does NOT auto-create these)
  • NOT NULL on every column unless NULL has business meaning
  • CHECK constraints for domain rules at DB level
  • EXCLUDE constraints for range overlaps: EXCLUDE USING gist (room WITH =, during WITH &&)
  • Default created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
  • Separate updated_at with trigger, never trust app layer alone
  • Use BIGINT PKs — cheaper JOINs than UUID, better index locality

Index Strategy

Type Use When
B-tree (default) Equality, range, sorting, LIKE 'prefix%'
GIN JSONB (@>, ?, ?&), arrays, full-text (tsvector)
GiST Geometry, ranges, full-text (smaller but slower than GIN)
BRIN Large tables with natural ordering (timestamps, serial IDs)

Index rules:

  • Composite: most selective column first, max 3-4 columns
  • Partial: WHERE status = 'active' — smaller, faster
  • Covering: INCLUDE (col) — avoids heap lookup
  • Expression: ON (lower(email)) — for function-based WHERE
  • Drop unused indexes: SELECT * FROM pg_stat_user_indexes WHERE idx_scan = 0

JSONB Patterns

-- GIN index for containment queries
CREATE INDEX ON items USING gin (metadata);
SELECT * FROM items WHERE metadata @> '{"status": "active"}';

-- Expression index for specific key access
CREATE INDEX ON items ((metadata->>'category'));
SELECT * FROM items WHERE metadata->>'category' = 'electronics';

Read the full file on GitHub · 139 lines

Files

What ships with it

1 file beside SKILL.md in the same directory: the scripts, references and assets a skill reads on demand. Not counted in the per-session cost; read them before you install if any of them is executable.

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 3d ago First seen · 139 lines · 61 tokens per session scan A 6fc8e4d45029

Subscribe to this mod's changes

postgresql is a skill published in the GitHub repository iliaal/whetstone (32 stars, last pushed 4d ago), licensed MIT. It adds 61 tokens to every session and 1,474 once invoked, about $0.0003 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-30.