laravel-queue-patterns

Laravel Queue Patterns

Job Structure

<?php

namespace App\Jobs;

use App\Models\Order;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

class ProcessOrder implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public function __construct(
        public readonly Order $order,
    ) {}

    public function handle(PaymentGateway $gateway): void
    {
        $gateway->charge($this->order);

        $this->order->update(['status' => 'processed']);
    }

    public function failed(\Throwable $exception): void
    {
        $this->order->update(['status' => 'failed']);

        // Notify admin, log, etc.
    }
}

Dispatch Patterns

// ✅ Standard dispatch
ProcessOrder::dispatch($order);

// ✅ Dispatch to specific queue/connection
ProcessOrder::dispatch($order)
    ->onQueue('payments')
    ->onConnection('redis');

// ✅ Delayed dispatch
ProcessOrder::dispatch($order)->delay(now()->addMinutes(5));

// ✅ Conditional dispatch
ProcessOrder::dispatchIf($order->isPaid(), $order);
ProcessOrder::dispatchUnless($order->isCancelled(), $order);

// ✅ Dispatch after database transaction commits
ProcessOrder::dispatch($order)->afterCommit();

// ❌ Dispatching inside a transaction without afterCommit
DB::transaction(function () use ($order) {
    $order->save();
    ProcessOrder::dispatch($order); // Job may run before commit
});

// ✅ Safe inside transactions
DB::transaction(function () use ($order) {
    $order->save();
    ProcessOrder::dispatch($order)->afterCommit();
});

Job Middleware

use Illuminate\Queue\Middleware\RateLimited;
use Illuminate\Queue\Middleware\ThrottlesExceptions;
use Illuminate\Queue\Middleware\WithoutOverlapping;

class ProcessOrder implements ShouldQueue
{
    public function middleware(): array
    {
        return [
            // Rate limit to 10 jobs per minute
            new RateLimited('orders'),

            // Prevent overlapping by order ID
            (new WithoutOverlapping($this->order->id))
                ->releaseAfter(60)
                ->expireAfter(300),

            // Throttle on exceptions - wait 5 min after 3 exceptions
            (new ThrottlesExceptions(3, 5))
                ->backoff(5),
        ];
    }
}

// Define rate limiter in AppServiceProvider
use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;

RateLimiter::for('orders', function ($job) {
    return Limit::perMinute(10);
});