abap-unit-testing

ABAP Unit Testing

Guide for writing effective ABAP Unit tests including test class setup, assertions, test doubles, mocking frameworks, and test environments for CDS, SQL, and RAP.

Workflow

1. Determine the testing goal:

   • Testing business logic in a class method
   • Testing a CDS view entity
   • Testing a RAP BO behavior implementation
   • Testing database-dependent logic with SQL test doubles
   • Setting up test doubles for external dependencies

2. Choose the right approach:

   • Direct unit test for pure logic (no dependencies)
   • Constructor/setter injection for mockable dependencies
   • CDS test environment for CDS view tests
   • OSQL test environment for SQL-dependent code
   • RAP BO test doubles for RAP behavior tests

3. Follow the AAA pattern: Arrange → Act → Assert

4. Ensure test isolation: Tests must not depend on persistent data or external systems

Test Class Fundamentals

Test Class Definition

"! Test class for ZCL_MY_CLASS
CLASS ltc_my_class DEFINITION FINAL FOR TESTING
  DURATION SHORT
  RISK LEVEL HARMLESS.

  PRIVATE SECTION.
    DATA cut TYPE REF TO zcl_my_class.  "Class Under Test

    CLASS-METHODS class_setup.    "Once before all tests
    CLASS-METHODS class_teardown. "Once after all tests
    METHODS setup.               "Before each test
    METHODS teardown.            "After each test

    METHODS test_calculate_total FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_validate_input  FOR TESTING.
    METHODS test_empty_input     FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS ltc_my_class IMPLEMENTATION.

  METHOD class_setup.
    " One-time setup for all tests in this class
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD class_teardown.
    " One-time cleanup
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD setup.
    " Create fresh instance before each test
    cut = NEW #( ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD teardown.
    " Cleanup after each test
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_calculate_total.
    " Arrange
    DATA(lv_quantity) = 5.
    DATA(lv_price) = CONV decfloat34( '10.50' ).

    " Act
    DATA(lv_result) = cut->calculate_total(
      iv_quantity = lv_quantity
      iv_price    = lv_price ).

    " Assert
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals(
      act = lv_result
      exp = CONV decfloat34( '52.50' )
      msg = 'Total should be quantity * price' ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_validate_input.
    cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_true(
      act = cut->validate_input( 'VALID_INPUT' )
      msg = 'Valid input should return true' ).
  ENDMETHOD.

  METHOD test_empty_input.
    TRY.
        cut->validate_input( '' ).
        cl_abap_unit_assert=>fail( msg = 'Should have raised exception' ).
      CATCH zcx_validation_error INTO DATA(lx_error).
        cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_bound(
          act = lx_error
          msg = 'Exception should be raised for empty input' ).
    ENDTRY.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.