universal-patterns

Universal Development Patterns

Overview

Language-agnostic development patterns and best practices applicable across all technology stacks.

Architecture Patterns

Layered Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────┐
│     Presentation Layer      │  UI, API handlers, CLI
├─────────────────────────────┤
│     Application Layer       │  Use cases, services
├─────────────────────────────┤
│       Domain Layer          │  Business logic, entities
├─────────────────────────────┤
│    Infrastructure Layer     │  DB, cache, external APIs
└─────────────────────────────┘

When to Use: Most applications benefit from clear separation of concerns.

Clean Architecture

         ┌─────────────────┐
         │   Frameworks    │  (outermost)
         │   & Drivers     │
     ┌───┴─────────────────┴───┐
     │    Interface Adapters    │
     │   (Controllers, Gateways)│
 ┌───┴─────────────────────────┴───┐
 │        Application Business      │
 │           Rules (Use Cases)      │
 ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
 │    Enterprise Business Rules     │  (innermost)
 │         (Entities)               │
 └─────────────────────────────────┘

Dependency Rule: Dependencies point inward. Inner layers don't know about outer layers.

Component-Based Architecture (Frontend)

src/
├── components/
│   ├── common/         # Shared UI components
│   ├── layout/         # Layout components
│   └── features/       # Feature-specific components
├── hooks/              # Custom hooks
├── stores/             # State management
├── services/           # API services
└── utils/              # Utilities

Code Organization Principles

Single Responsibility

Each module/function should do ONE thing well.

// BAD: Multiple responsibilities
function processUser(user) {
  validateUser(user);
  saveToDatabase(user);
  sendEmail(user);
  logAnalytics(user);
}

// GOOD: Single responsibility
function validateUser(user) { /* validation only */ }
function saveUser(user) { /* persistence only */ }
function notifyUser(user) { /* notification only */ }