reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols

reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols is a skill for Claude Code, Codex from meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack. It costs 70 tokens per session (814 once invoked), scanned A, original, Apache-2.0.

A guide to unpacking a malware program's private command-and-control protocol—the format it uses to communicate with its operator—including its message structure, encoding, and commands.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it to trace network code, document message fields, recover encryption or encoding details, and build a decoder or emulator for captured beacon traffic.
Why use it?
It helps make sense of captured malware traffic when standard network tools do not recognise the protocol. It also avoids rebuilding an analysis from scratch for a documented protocol that already has a decoder.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Written for no agent in particular: nothing here depends on one.

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack/reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols
Any agent
npx skills add meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack --skill reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Wrote this? Show the measurements

A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.

agentmods badge for reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols

README.md
[![agentmods](https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack/reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols.svg)](https://agentmods.dev/skills/meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack/reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols)
Your own site
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack/reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack/reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>
Per session 70 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 814 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5.1 $0.00070 $0.00814
Opus 5 $0.00035 $0.00407
Sonnet 5 $0.00014 $0.00163
Haiku 4.5 $0.00007 $0.00081

Measured 2d ago against content hash 13f358110bba, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-09-05, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 2d ago.

The scan reads SKILL.md. This mod also ships 1 executable file (scripts/analyst.py), listed below but not scanned — reading those needs a real analyzer, not pattern matching.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

skills/reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols/SKILL.md · 99 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 99 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

Reverse Engineering Custom C2 Protocols

When to Use

  • A sample uses a non-standard protocol (or a custom layer over HTTP/TCP) and you must decode its traffic.
  • You need to recover message framing, the encryption/encoding scheme, and the command set.
  • You want to build a standalone decoder or emulator to parse captured beacon traffic.

Do not use this for documented protocols handled by existing dissectors — use the protocol analyzer directly instead of reversing from scratch.

Prerequisites

  • A disassembler/debugger and a network capture (PCAP) of the sample's traffic where possible.
  • The crypto/obfuscation skills for recovering keys and encodings.

Workflow

Step 1: Locate the network routines

Find send/recv/WSASend/WinHTTP calls (or the framework wrappers) and the buffers they operate on. These bracket the serialization and crypto.

Step 2: Recover framing

Trace how outbound buffers are built: magic bytes, length prefixes, sequence/ID fields, and type/opcode fields. Document the header layout.

[ magic(4) ][ len(4 LE) ][ opcode(1) ][ flags(1) ][ payload(len) ]

Step 3: Recover crypto/encoding

Identify the transform applied before send / after recv (XOR with embedded key, RC4, AES, base64). Recover keys from the binary or from the key-setup routine.

Step 4: Reconstruct the command set

Map opcodes to handlers (shell, download, upload, sleep/jitter, exit) by following the dispatch switch. Build a table of command → behavior.

Step 5: Build a decoder and validate

Implement a parser/decryptor and run it against captured traffic; confirm it yields coherent commands and recovers the beacon's config.

python scripts/analyst.py decode capture.bin --key 0x5a --magic 4d5a4331

Validation

  • The decoder parses every message in a real capture without desync.
  • Decrypted payloads are coherent (printable commands / structured config).
  • The opcode table matches the dispatch logic observed in the binary.

Read the full file on GitHub · 99 lines

Files

What ships with it

3 files beside SKILL.md in the same directory: the scripts, references and assets a skill reads on demand. Not counted in the per-session cost; read them before you install if any of them is executable.

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 2d ago First seen · 99 lines · 70 tokens per session scan A 13f358110bba

Subscribe to this mod's changes

reverse-engineering-custom-c2-protocols is a skill published in the GitHub repository meltedinhex/analyst-ai-pack (22 stars, last pushed 2mo ago), licensed Apache-2.0. It adds 70 tokens to every session and 814 once invoked, about $0.0003 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-09-03.

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