php

PHP

Overview

Modern PHP (7.4+/8.x) patterns including typed properties, attributes, and modern OOP features.

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Modern PHP Features

Type System

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

// Typed properties (PHP 7.4+)
class User
{
    public string $id;
    public string $email;
    public ?string $name = null;
    public bool $active = true;
    public array $roles = [];
    public DateTimeImmutable $createdAt;

    // Constructor promotion (PHP 8.0+)
    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $email,
        public readonly string $name,
        private string $password
    ) {
        $this->id = uniqid();
        $this->createdAt = new DateTimeImmutable();
    }
}

// Union types (PHP 8.0+)
function process(string|int $value): string|int
{
    return is_string($value) ? strtoupper($value) : $value * 2;
}

// Intersection types (PHP 8.1+)
function processIterable(Countable&Iterator $items): int
{
    return count($items);
}

// Return types
function findUser(string $id): ?User
{
    return $this->repository->find($id);
}

function getUsers(): array
{
    return $this->repository->findAll();
}

// Never return type (PHP 8.1+)
function fail(string $message): never
{
    throw new RuntimeException($message);
}

// Nullable types
function setName(?string $name): void
{
    $this->name = $name;
}

Attributes (PHP 8.0+)

<?php

use Attribute;

// Define attribute
#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY)]
class Column
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $name,
        public string $type = 'string',
        public bool $nullable = false
    ) {}
}

#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_METHOD)]
class Route
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $path,
        public string $method = 'GET'
    ) {}
}

#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_CLASS)]
class Entity
{
    public function __construct(
        public string $table
    ) {}
}

// Using attributes
#[Entity(table: 'users')]
class User
{
    #[Column(name: 'id', type: 'uuid')]
    public string $id;

    #[Column(name: 'email', type: 'string')]
    public string $email;

    #[Column(name: 'name', nullable: true)]
    public ?string $name;
}

class UserController
{
    #[Route(path: '/users', method: 'GET')]
    public function index(): array
    {
        return $this->userService->getAll();
    }

    #[Route(path: '/users/{id}', method: 'GET')]
    public function show(string $id): User
    {
        return $this->userService->find($id);
    }
}

// Reading attributes
$reflection = new ReflectionClass(User::class);
$attributes = $reflection->getAttributes(Entity::class);

foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
    $instance = $attribute->newInstance();
    echo $instance->table; // 'users'
}