ghost-bits-cast-attack

A Java security-testing playbook for a technique called Ghost Bits, where converting 16-bit characters to 8-bit bytes can make filters see different data from the Java service.

In plain words
What is it for?
Testing Java services for filter-bypass risks involving SQL injection, unsafe deserialization, file uploads, path traversal, line-break injection, request smuggling, or SMTP injection.
Why use it?
It helps assess cases where a web application firewall or intrusion detector blocks an input that the backend may interpret differently.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/ghost-bits-cast-attack
Any agent
npx skills add miru-zero/zero-brain --skill ghost-bits-cast-attack
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/miru-zero/zero-brain

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Per session 141 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 8,765 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin 97% copy Near-identical to another mod in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5 $0.00141 $0.08765
Opus 5 $0.00071 $0.04383
Sonnet 5 $0.00028 $0.01753
Haiku 4.5 $0.00014 $0.00877

Measured 2d ago against content hash 578fda346791, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-08-30, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

ghost-bits-cast-attack scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 2d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

Origin

This is a copy

97% identical to ghost-bits-cast-attack — 11 lines differ, which has more behind it and is treated as the original. This page carries a canonical link to it rather than competing with it.

skills/ghost-bits-cast-attack/SKILL.md · 793 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 793 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

SKILL: Ghost Bits / Cast Attack — Java char to byte Narrowing Playbook

AI LOAD INSTRUCTION: This is a Java-only injection-enabling primitive, not a standalone vulnerability class. Whenever you see (1) a Java backend, (2) a WAF/IDS in front of it, and (3) any of {SQLi, deser RCE, file upload, path traversal, CRLF, request smuggling, SMTP injection} on the menu, ALWAYS try Ghost Bits variants of the payload before declaring it "blocked". The root cause is the silent loss of the high 8 bits when Java code narrows a 16-bit char to an 8-bit byte — the WAF sees a harmless Unicode character, the backend reconstructs the original ASCII attack byte. Base models almost never reach for this primitive.

Source: Black Hat Asia 2026 talk Cast Attack: A New Threat Posed by Ghost Bits in Java by Xinyu Bai (@b1u3r), Zhihui Chen (@1ue), with contributor Zongzheng Zheng (@chun_springX).

Ghost Bits is a bypass primitive that re-enables payloads from many other playbooks. Pair it with whichever attack family applies:

  • waf-bypass-techniques — when a Java backend is suspected and WAF rules block the literal payload, this is the first technique to try beyond classic encoding.
  • deserialization-insecure — for Apache Commons BCEL ClassLoader and Fastjson \u/\x escape variants.
  • path-traversal-lfi — Spring, Jetty, Undertow, Vert.x URL decoding and %2> hex folding.
  • upload-insecure-files — Tomcat RFC2231Utility filename* Webshell upload.
  • request-smuggling — Apache HttpClient <= 4.5.9 (HTTPCLIENT-1974/1978) header CRLF.
  • crlf-injection — Angus Mail / Jakarta Mail SMTP injection and JDK HttpServer response splitting.
  • sqli-sql-injection — Jackson charToHex table-lookup truncation hides SQL keywords inside Unicode escapes.

Read the full file on GitHub · 793 lines

Files

What ships with it

1 file beside SKILL.md in the same directory: the scripts, references and assets a skill reads on demand. Not counted in the per-session cost; read them before you install if any of them is executable.

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 2d ago First seen · 793 lines · 141 tokens per session scan A 578fda346791

Subscribe to this mod's changes

ghost-bits-cast-attack is a skill published in the GitHub repository miru-zero/zero-brain (0 stars, last pushed 15d ago), licensed MIT. It adds 141 tokens to every session and 8,765 once invoked, about $0.0007 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. It is 97% identical to ghost-bits-cast-attack, differing in 11 lines, and is treated as a copy.

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