request-smuggling

request-smuggling is a skill for Claude Code, Codex from miru-zero/zero-brain. It costs 62 tokens per session (3,198 once invoked), scanned B, a copy of request-smuggling, MIT.

A security testing guide for HTTP request smuggling, where a proxy and the back-end server interpret the boundaries of one request differently.

In plain words
What is it for?
It is for testing CDNs, load balancers, reverse proxies, HTTP/2-to-HTTP/1 connections, and browser request pipelines.
Why use it?
It helps find desynchronization bugs that can cause requests to be combined, misrouted, or processed under the wrong user's connection.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Written for no agent in particular: nothing here depends on one.

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/request-smuggling
Any agent
npx skills add miru-zero/zero-brain --skill request-smuggling
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/miru-zero/zero-brain

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Wrote this? Show the measurements

A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.

agentmods badge for request-smuggling

README.md
[![agentmods](https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/request-smuggling.svg)](https://agentmods.dev/skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/request-smuggling)
Your own site
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/request-smuggling"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/miru-zero/zero-brain/request-smuggling.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>
Per session 62 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 3,198 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan B 1 finding. Scan, not verified.
Origin 100% copy Near-identical to another mod in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5.1 $0.00062 $0.03198
Opus 5 $0.00031 $0.01599
Sonnet 5 $0.00012 $0.00640
Haiku 4.5 $0.00006 $0.00320

Measured 2d ago against content hash 803ebbca0380, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-09-06, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade B, and why

request-smuggling scanned grade B with 1 finding against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 2d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Sends data to an external URLmediumData exfiltration

A POST to an outside endpoint may be telemetry or may be exfiltration; either way the mod talks to somewhere, and you should know where.

fetch("https://target.example/vulnerable", { method: "POST",
Origin

This is a copy

100% identical to request-smuggling — 7 lines differ, which has more behind it and is treated as the original. This page carries a canonical link to it rather than competing with it.

skills/request-smuggling/SKILL.md · 312 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 312 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

SKILL: HTTP Request Smuggling — Expert Attack Playbook

AI LOAD INSTRUCTION: Expert HTTP desync techniques. Covers CL.TE, TE.CL, TE.TE obfuscation variants, HTTP/2 downgrade and pseudo-header confusion, client-side desync (browser fetch pipelines), and tool-assisted fuzzing. Assumes familiarity with raw HTTP/1.1 framing and reverse-proxy topologies. This is not “header injection” — it is message boundary disagreement between hops.

Routing note: load this skill when you suspect CDN/reverse-proxy and origin disagree on request-end boundaries, or when abnormal concatenation appears during H2-to-H1 downgrade.

  • ghost-bits-cast-attack when the HTTP client library is Apache HttpClient <= 4.5.9 (HTTPCLIENT-1974/1978) — injecting 瘍瘊 (U+760D U+760A, low bytes \r\n) into a header value causes the underlying char-to-byte writer to emit a literal CRLF, splitting the request at the origin without relying on CL/TE disagreement

1. QUICK START

CL.TE first probe (front-end trusts CL, back-end trusts chunked)

Assumption: front end prioritizes Content-Length, back end prioritizes Transfer-Encoding: chunked. Use a very short CL so the front end accepts a fake end, while the back end continues chunk parsing and leaves remaining bytes for the next request.

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 13
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

0

SMUGGLED
  • Front end reads only 13 bytes based on Content-Length: 13 (that is, 0\r\n\r\nSMUGGLED, 13 bytes total) and considers the request complete.
  • Back end parses as chunked: after the 0 end chunk, it treats SMUGGLED and onward as the start byte stream of the next request.

TE.CL first probe (front-end trusts chunked, back-end trusts CL)

Assumption: front end parses chunked and back end only reads Content-Length. Set CL equal to the number of bytes in the chunk-length line (commonly 4: two hex characters + \r\n), so the back end consumes only the length line and leaves the rest buffered for follow-up request splicing.

Read the full file on GitHub · 312 lines

Files

What ships with it

1 file beside SKILL.md in the same directory: the scripts, references and assets a skill reads on demand. Not counted in the per-session cost; read them before you install if any of them is executable.

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 2d ago First seen · 312 lines · 62 tokens per session scan B 803ebbca0380

Subscribe to this mod's changes

request-smuggling is a skill published in the GitHub repository miru-zero/zero-brain (0 stars, last pushed 18d ago), licensed MIT. It adds 62 tokens to every session and 3,198 once invoked, about $0.0003 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it B with 1 finding (sends data to an external url). It is 100% identical to request-smuggling, differing in 7 lines, and is treated as a copy.

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