perl-patterns

Modern Perl Development Patterns

Idiomatic Perl 5.36+ patterns and best practices for building robust, maintainable applications.

When to Activate

• Writing new Perl code or modules
• Reviewing Perl code for idiom compliance
• Refactoring legacy Perl to modern standards
• Designing Perl module architecture
• Migrating pre-5.36 code to modern Perl

How It Works

Apply these patterns as a bias toward modern Perl 5.36+ defaults: signatures, explicit modules, focused error handling, and testable boundaries. The examples below are meant to be copied as starting points, then tightened for the actual app, dependency stack, and deployment model in front of you.

Core Principles

1. Use v5.36 Pragma

A single use v5.36 replaces the old boilerplate and enables strict, warnings, and subroutine signatures.

# Good: Modern preamble
use v5.36;

sub greet($name) {
    say "Hello, $name!";
}

# Bad: Legacy boilerplate
use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say', 'signatures';
no warnings 'experimental::signatures';

sub greet {
    my ($name) = @_;
    say "Hello, $name!";
}

2. Subroutine Signatures

Use signatures for clarity and automatic arity checking.

use v5.36;

# Good: Signatures with defaults
sub connect_db($host, $port = 5432, $timeout = 30) {
    # $host is required, others have defaults
    return DBI->connect("dbi:Pg:host=$host;port=$port", undef, undef, {
        RaiseError => 1,
        PrintError => 0,
    });
}

# Good: Slurpy parameter for variable args
sub log_message($level, @details) {
    say "[$level] " . join(' ', @details);
}

# Bad: Manual argument unpacking
sub connect_db {
    my ($host, $port, $timeout) = @_;
    $port    //= 5432;
    $timeout //= 30;
    # ...
}

3. Context Sensitivity

Understand scalar vs list context — a core Perl concept.

use v5.36;

my @items = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

my @copy  = @items;            # List context: all elements
my $count = @items;            # Scalar context: count (5)
say "Items: " . scalar @items; # Force scalar context