automotive-sotif-hazard-scenario

Automotive Sotif Hazard Scenario

Sotif Hazard Scenario

SOTIF Hazard Scenario Construction — Systematic Identification and Analysis

Overview

Deep methodology for SOTIF (Safety Of The Intended Functionality, ISO 21448) hazard scenario identification, construction, and analysis. This skill goes beyond basic SOTIF overview to provide actionable frameworks for identifying triggering conditions, constructing hazardous scenarios, and systematically reducing the unknown unsafe area.

The Four-Quadrant Framework (Deep Dive)

ISO 21448 Four-Quadrant Model
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
              Known                Unknown
         ┌─────────────────┬─────────────────┐
         │   Area 1        │   Area 3        │
  Safe   │   Known Safe    │   Unknown Safe  │
         │   已知安全        │   未知安全       │
         │                 │                 │
         │ ✓ Normal ops    │ ? Safe but      │
         │ ✓ Validated     │   undiscovered  │
         ├─────────────────┼─────────────────┤
         │   Area 2        │   Area 4        │
 Unsafe  │   Known Unsafe  │   Unknown       │
         │   已知不安全      │   Unsafe        │
         │                 │   未知不安全      │
         │ ⚠ Identified    │ ✗ Greatest risk │
         │ ⚠ Mitigated     │ ✗ Must minimize │
         └─────────────────┴─────────────────┘
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

SOTIF Goal: Minimize Area 4 (unknown unsafe)
            by moving scenarios to Area 2 (known unsafe → mitigated)
            or Area 1 (known safe → validated)

Triggering Condition Taxonomy

Systematic Identification Method

# Triggering Condition Identification Framework
triggering_conditions = {
    "sensing_limitations": {
        "camera": {
            "illumination": [
                "Direct sunlight / sun glare (太阳眩光)",
                "Low sun angle (5°-15° elevation)",
                "Tunnel entry/exit (dark-bright transition)",
                "Night without street lights",
                "LED traffic light flicker (PWM)",
                "Headlight reflection on wet road",
            ],
            "weather": [
                "Heavy rain (>25mm/h)",
                "Fog (visibility <200m)",
                "Snow (lens covered / white-out)",
                "Haze/smog (PM2.5 >200 in China)",
                "Sandstorm (Northern China specific)",
            ],
            "occlusion": [
                "Lens contamination (mud, insects, water drops)",
                "Partial blockage by adjacent objects",
                "Wiper interference during rain",
                "Ice/frost on lens",
            ],
            "perception_failures": [
                "White vehicle against white sky",
                "Black vehicle in shadow",
                "Motorcycle/bicycle thin profile",
                "Unusual vehicle shapes (overloaded truck)",
                "Road debris vs. road texture confusion",
                "Lane marking worn/faded/absent",
                "Temporary vs. permanent lane markings",
            ],
        },
        "radar": {
            "interference": [
                "Multi-path reflection (guardrails, tunnels)",
                "Adjacent vehicle radar interference",
                "Metallic bridge overhead reflection",
                "Rain clutter (heavy precipitation)",
            ],
            "missed_detection": [
                "Stationary objects (bridge pillars, barriers)",
                "Low-RCS targets (motorcycle, pedestrian)",
                "Crossing targets at extreme angles",
                "Speed-ambiguity (relative speed near zero)",
            ],
            "false_detection": [
                "Manhole covers (strong radar return)",
                "Metal debris on road",
                "Overhead signs/structures (elevated targets)",
                "Guardrail reflections as ghost targets",
            ],
        },
        "lidar": {
            "limitations": [
                "Black/dark surfaces (low reflectivity)",
                "Transparent objects (glass barriers)",
                "Rain/fog scattering",
                "Direct sunlight saturation",
                "Dust/dirt on sensor window",
            ],
        },
        "gnss_localization": {
            "degradation": [
                "Urban canyon (tall buildings)",
                "Tunnel (no GNSS signal)",
                "Dense tree canopy",
                "Multi-path interference (bridges)",
                "Jamming/spoofing",
            ],
        },
    },
    "algorithm_limitations": {
        "perception": [
            "Out-of-distribution objects (rare objects)",
            "Adversarial patterns (adversarial patches)",
            "Domain shift (training vs. deployment environment)",
            "Class confusion (truck rear vs. wall)",
            "Tracking ID switch (occluded targets)",
        ],
        "prediction": [
            "Unpredictable human behavior (jaywalker)",
            "Unusual vehicle maneuvers (illegal U-turn)",
            "Group behavior (crowd crossing)",
            "Intention ambiguity (vehicle drifting in lane)",
        ],
        "planning": [
            "Conflicting objectives (comfort vs. safety)",
            "Rare road geometry (unusual intersection)",
            "Construction zone navigation",
            "Emergency vehicle response",
        ],
    },
    "human_factors": {
        "misuse": [
            "Overreliance on automation (complacency)",
            "Distracted driving during L2",
            "Intentional abuse (hands-off driving)",
            "Misunderstanding of ODD boundaries",
        ],
        "takeover_failures": [
            "Slow response after long automation use",
            "Mode confusion (manual vs. automated)",
            "Incorrect takeover action (wrong pedal)",
            "Physical impairment (drowsy, intoxicated)",
        ],
    },
    "infrastructure": [
        "Missing/contradictory road signs",
        "Temporary construction zone",
        "Road surface irregularities (potholes)",
        "Non-standard intersection layout",
        "Toll station / service area transitions",
    ],
}