cicd-expert

CI/CD Expert

Expert guidance for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment, including GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI, deployment strategies, and automation best practices.

Core Concepts

CI/CD Fundamentals

• Continuous Integration (CI)
• Continuous Delivery vs Deployment
• Build automation
• Test automation
• Artifact management
• Deployment strategies (blue-green, canary, rolling)

Pipeline Design

• Pipeline stages and jobs
• Parallel execution
• Dependencies and artifacts
• Caching strategies
• Matrix builds
• Conditional execution

Security

• Secret management
• Dependency scanning
• SAST/DAST
• Container scanning
• Supply chain security
• SBOM generation

GitLab CI

# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - build
  - test
  - security
  - deploy

variables:
  DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
  DOCKER_TLS_CERTDIR: '/certs'
  IMAGE_TAG: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA

default:
  image: node:20-alpine
  cache:
    key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}
    paths:
      - node_modules/
      - .npm/

build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline
    - npm run build
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - dist/
    expire_in: 1 week

test:unit:
  stage: test
  needs: [build]
  script:
    - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline
    - npm run test:unit -- --coverage
  coverage: '/All files[^|]*\|[^|]*\s+([\d\.]+)/'
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: test-results/unit/*.xml
      coverage_report:
        coverage_format: cobertura
        path: coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml

test:integration:
  stage: test
  needs: [build]
  services:
    - postgres:15
    - redis:7
  variables:
    POSTGRES_DB: testdb
    POSTGRES_USER: testuser
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: testpass
  script:
    - npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline
    - npm run test:integration
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: test-results/integration/*.xml

security:sast:
  stage: security
  image: returntocorp/semgrep
  script:
    - semgrep --config=auto --json --output=sast-report.json .
  artifacts:
    reports:
      sast: sast-report.json

security:dependency:
  stage: security
  script:
    - npm audit --audit-level=high
  allow_failure: true

docker:build:
  stage: build
  image: docker:24
  services:
    - docker:24-dind
  before_script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
  script:
    - docker build -t $IMAGE_TAG .
    - docker push $IMAGE_TAG
  only:
    - main
    - tags

deploy:staging:
  stage: deploy
  image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging.example.com
  script:
    - kubectl config use-context $KUBE_CONTEXT_STAGING
    - kubectl set image deployment/web-app web-app=$IMAGE_TAG -n staging
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/web-app -n staging --timeout=5m
  only:
    - main

deploy:production:
  stage: deploy
  image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://example.com
  script:
    - kubectl config use-context $KUBE_CONTEXT_PRODUCTION
    - kubectl set image deployment/web-app web-app=$IMAGE_TAG -n production
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/web-app -n production --timeout=5m
  when: manual
  only:
    - tags