Problem scoping with Is/Is-Not for 8D D2 problem description, CAPA investigation, or hypothesis elimination. Defines the precise boundary by contrasting what IS observed vs what IS NOT — eliminating hypotheses that don't fit the pattern. A Ford-originated automotive technique used in every structured quality…
Run a PDCA cycle, Plan Do Check Act improvement cycle, or structured improvement project. Guides through problem analysis, piloting, verification, and standardisation. Distinguished from 8D: PDCA is for proactive improvement initiatives, 8D is for reactive defect response. Use for process optimisation, lessons learned…
A formal method for closing serious aerospace or complex-equipment quality problems by explaining the technical failure, correcting management weaknesses, and applying the lessons to other affected areas. It follows GB/T 29076—2021, a Chinese standard for this type of investigation.
Assign AP table ratings (H-AP, M-AP, L-AP) in PFMEA or DFMEA — the RPN replacement from AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook 2019. Explains H/M/L classification logic, mandatory action requirements for High Priority items, and OEM-specific thresholds. Use when assigning risk levels in PFMEA or DFMEA, or auditing FMEA documents for…
Build a design risk analysis, DFMEA worksheet, or interface analysis using the AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook 2019. Covers design intent, interface failures, boundary diagram, and design robustness before manufacturing. Use during new product development, design changes, or when a field failure reveals a design weakness.…
Build a PFMEA worksheet, process risk analysis, or AP table using the AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook 2019 7-step approach. Covers Structure Analysis, Function Analysis, Failure Analysis, Risk Analysis (Action Priority H/M/L), Optimization, and Documentation. Required by IATF 16949 and OEM customer-specific requirements for…
Supplier Corrective Action Request (SCAR) — escalate a supplier non-conformance to a formal corrective action request, define response requirements, evaluate the supplier's 8D response, and verify effectiveness. Use when an NCR escalates to a SCAR, when a supplier delivers repeated non-conformances, or when a field…
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