data-structures

A reference guide to advanced data structures used in programming contests and technical interviews. It explains when to use heaps, tries, segment trees, Fenwick trees, monotonic stacks, parsing stacks, and ordered sets, with Python templates.

In plain words
What is it for?
Recognizing and implementing solutions for top-K queries, prefix matching, range updates, sliding-window problems, expression parsing, and related tasks.
Why use it?
It helps choose a suitable structure when basic arrays, maps, or lists would be too slow or awkward for the problem's access pattern.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/sequenzia/agent-alchemy/data-structures
Any agent
npx skills add sequenzia/agent-alchemy --skill data-structures
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/sequenzia/agent-alchemy

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Per session 53 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 4,310 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5 $0.00053 $0.04310
Opus 5 $0.00026 $0.02155
Sonnet 5 $0.00011 $0.00862
Haiku 4.5 $0.00005 $0.00431

Measured 2d ago against content hash 4f5f4f1ecaa9, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-08-30, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

data-structures scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 2d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

claude/cs-tools/skills/data-structures/SKILL.md · 451 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 451 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

Data Structure Patterns

This skill provides recognition signals, core ideas, Python templates, and pitfall guidance for seven advanced data structure patterns. Use it when a problem's constraints or access patterns suggest a specialized structure beyond basic arrays, hash maps, or linked lists. Each pattern section follows a consistent format: when to reach for it, how it works, a clean implementation template, and the mistakes that cost time in practice.


Pattern Recognition Table

Trigger Signals Technique Typical Complexity
"k-th largest/smallest", "top K", "merge K sorted" Heap / Priority Queue O(n log k)
"next greater/smaller element", "sliding window max/min" Monotonic Stack / Queue O(n)
"prefix matching", "autocomplete", "word search in grid" Trie O(L) per operation
"range query + point update", "range min/max/sum" Segment Tree O(log n) per query/update
"prefix sums with updates", "count of elements less than X" Fenwick Tree (BIT) O(log n) per query/update
"balanced parentheses", "evaluate expression", "nested structures" Stack-Based Parsing O(n)
"rank of element", "k-th smallest in dynamic set", "floor/ceiling" Ordered Set (SortedList) O(log n) per operation

Constraint-to-Technique Mapping

When the problem statement does not name a structure directly, use constraints to narrow the choice:

  • n <= 10^5 with repeated range queries -- Segment Tree or Fenwick Tree. Prefer Fenwick when only prefix sums are needed; use Segment Tree for arbitrary range operations.
  • n <= 10^6 and "next greater" or "span" language -- Monotonic Stack. Linear time is essential at this scale.
  • String dictionary with prefix lookups -- Trie. Hash maps work for exact match but not prefix enumeration.
  • "Top K" or "k-th element" with streaming data -- Heap. A size-k heap avoids sorting the full dataset.
  • Dynamic insertions + rank/order queries -- SortedList. Python lacks a built-in balanced BST; sortedcontainers fills this gap.
  • Nested or recursive syntax (math expressions, HTML tags) -- Stack-Based Parsing. The stack mirrors the nesting depth.

Read the full file on GitHub · 451 lines

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 2d ago First seen · 451 lines · 53 tokens per session scan A 4f5f4f1ecaa9

Subscribe to this mod's changes

data-structures is a skill published in the GitHub repository sequenzia/agent-alchemy (43 stars, last pushed 3mo ago), licensed MIT. It adds 53 tokens to every session and 4,310 once invoked, about $0.0003 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-30.

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