Trim PCR primers from aligned reads in amplicon-panel BAMs using samtools ampliconclip. Use when processing SARS-CoV-2 ARTIC, hereditary cancer panels, ctDNA hot-spot panels, or any amplicon assay where primer-derived bases would falsely confirm reference at primer footprints.
Filter alignments by flags, mapping quality, and regions using samtools view and pysam. Use when extracting specific reads, removing low-quality alignments, or subsetting to target regions.
Create and use BAI/CSI indices for BAM/CRAM files using samtools and pysam. Use when enabling random access to alignment files or fetching specific genomic regions.
Sort alignment files by coordinate or read name using samtools and pysam. Use when preparing BAM files for indexing, variant calling, or paired-end analysis.
Validate alignment quality with insert size distribution, proper pairing rates, GC bias, strand balance, and other post-alignment metrics. Use when verifying alignment data quality before variant calling or quantification.
Generate alignment statistics using samtools flagstat, stats, depth, coverage, and mosdepth. Use when assessing alignment quality, calculating coverage, or generating QC reports.
Mark and remove PCR/optical duplicates using samtools fixmate and markdup. Use when preparing alignments for variant calling or when duplicate reads would bias analysis.
Generate pileup data for variant calling using samtools mpileup and pysam. Use when preparing data for variant calling, analyzing per-position read data, or calculating allele frequencies.
Generate consensus sequences and manage reference files using samtools. Use when creating consensus from alignments, indexing references, or creating sequence dictionaries.
View, convert, and understand SAM/BAM/CRAM alignment files using samtools and pysam. Use when inspecting alignments, converting between formats, or understanding alignment file structure.
Read, write, and convert multiple sequence alignment files using Biopython Bio.AlignIO. Supports Clustal, PHYLIP, Stockholm, FASTA, Nexus, and other alignment formats for phylogenetics and conservation analysis. Use when reading, writing, or converting alignment file formats.
Trim multiple sequence alignments using ClipKIT, trimAl, BMGE, Divvier, or HMMcleaner with mode selection guidance per downstream goal. Use when removing unreliable columns or contaminating residues before phylogenetic inference, HMM building, or selection analysis.
Parse and analyze multiple sequence alignments using Biopython. Extract sequences, identify conserved regions, analyze gaps, work with annotations, and manipulate alignment data for downstream analysis. Use when parsing or manipulating multiple sequence alignments.
Calculate alignment statistics including sequence identity, conservation scores, substitution matrices, and similarity metrics. Use when comparing alignment quality, measuring sequence divergence, and analyzing evolutionary patterns.
Perform multiple sequence alignment using MAFFT, MUSCLE5, ClustalOmega, or T-Coffee. Guides tool and algorithm selection based on dataset size, sequence divergence, and downstream application. Use when aligning three or more homologous sequences for phylogenetics, conservation analysis, or evolutionary studies.
Perform pairwise sequence alignment using Biopython Bio.Align.PairwiseAligner. Use when comparing two sequences, finding optimal alignments, scoring similarity, and identifying local or global matches between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences.
Align protein structures using Foldseek 3Di, TM-align, US-align, DALI, or Foldmason for structural MSA. Predict, score, and superpose backbone coordinates when sequence identity is below the twilight zone or remote-homology detection is required. Use when sequence MSA fails (<25% identity), when the dark proteome is…
Detects differential alternative splicing between conditions using rMATS-turbo (binomial LRT on junction counts), leafcutter (Dirichlet-multinomial GLM on intron clusters), MAJIQ V3 deltapsi/HET (Bayesian posterior on LSVs), SUPPA2 (empirical-null on TPM-derived PSI), or Shiba (junction-imbalance-corrected, 2025 SOTA…
Analyzes alternative splicing from PacBio Iso-Seq (HiFi, Kinnex/MAS-Iso-seq) and Oxford Nanopore (direct cDNA, direct RNA, R10.4.1+) long-read RNA-seq with full-isoform resolution. Tools include FLAIR (correct/collapse/quantify/diffSplice for PacBio + ONT), IsoQuant (de-novo or annotation-guided isoform discovery 2024…
Detects aberrant splicing in single rare-disease patients vs a control panel using FRASER 2.0 (Bioconductor; Beta-binomial autoencoder on Intron Jaccard Index, default delta cutoff 0.1, q hyperparameter), OUTRIDER (gene-level outlier expression via autoencoder denoising), LeafcutterMD (Dirichlet-multinomial outlier…
Analyzes alternative splicing at single-cell resolution. The first decision is library chemistry — 10X 3' is fundamentally limited (RT primes from poly-A, R2 falls in 3' UTR, <0.1 junction read per cell per AS event). Plate-based full-length methods (Smart-seq3, FLASH-seq, VASA-seq, STORM-seq) and single-cell…