Use when hunting Client-Side Path Traversal (CSPT) vulnerabilities where attacker- controlled input is unsafely concatenated into the path component of a JavaScript fetch() or XHR request. Trigger on: "CSPT", "client-side path traversal", "fetch path traversal", "XHR path injection", "fetch concatenation", "../ in…
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) tricks authenticated users into submitting forged requests to a target application by exploiting browser automatic cookie attachment. Detect via missing or predictable CSRF tokens in state-changing requests (POST/PUT/DELETE), absent SameSite cookie attributes, and JSON endpoints…
HTTP request smuggling exploits disagreements between a front-end proxy and back-end server on where one HTTP request ends and the next begins, using conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers (CL.TE, TE.CL, TE.TE variants). Enables bypassing access controls, cache poisoning, session hijacking…
Applications that accept a URL or path from user input and redirect to it without validating the destination allow attackers to craft links that appear to originate from a trusted domain but send victims to attacker-controlled pages. Commonly used for phishing, OAuth token theft, and as a stepping stone to reflected…
SQL injection occurs when untrusted user input is interpolated directly into database queries, allowing attackers to alter query logic. Detect via single-quote errors, boolean-based blind responses (AND 1=1 vs AND 1=2), time-delay payloads (SLEEP, WAITFOR), UNION column enumeration, and error messages from MySQL…
Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) occurs when user-controlled input is used to construct URLs that the server fetches, enabling access to internal services, cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254), and local files via file:// scheme. Detect via parameters accepting URLs or hostnames, PDF/report generators…
Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) occurs when user input is embedded directly into a template engine (Jinja2, Twig, Freemarker, Pebble, Velocity, Smarty, Mako) and evaluated, enabling remote code execution. Detect via math expressions {{77}} returning 49, or ${77}, . Leads to full RCE via template sandbox escape…
Reflected XSS occurs when user-supplied input is echoed in an HTTP response without sanitization, allowing script execution in the victim's browser. Detect via injecting alert(1) , event handlers like onfocus, HTML entity bypass, and encoding variants. Tools: Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP, PHP Charset Encoder (PCE)…
Stored XSS (persistent XSS) occurs when attacker-supplied input is saved server-side and later rendered unencoded to other users. Common injection points include profile fields, comments, forum posts, file upload filenames, and application logs. Detect via PHP $GET/$POST/$REQUEST/$FILES, ASP Request.Form, JSP…
XML External Entity (XXE) injection exploits XML parsers that process DTD external entity declarations, enabling local file disclosure (file:///etc/passwd), SSRF via http:// entities, and DoS via Billion Laughs. Vulnerable Java APIs include DocumentBuilder, SAXParser, dom4j, TransformerFactory, SAXReader…
Bypass authentication via forced browsing to protected URLs, parameter tampering (authenticated=yes, debug=true, fromtrustIP=true), session ID prediction from linear/incremental cookies, SQL injection on login forms, PHP unserialize() boolean type juggling (b:1 payload), and credential transport over HTTP. Detectable…
Test horizontal and vertical authorization bypass via session ID swapping between accounts, IDOR through parameter manipulation (invoice=, user=, menuitem=, EventID=), and special header injection (X-Original-URL, X-Rewrite-URL, X-Forwarded-For, X-Remote-IP, X-Client-IP with 127.0.0.1/localhost/RFC1918 values). Tools…
Use when hunting Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) or Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerabilities in APIs or web applications. Trigger on: "BOLA", "IDOR", "broken object level", "access other users", "object reference", numeric or UUID IDs in URLs or request bodies, user-scoped resources, horizontal…
Business logic flaws are application vulnerabilities where valid functions are abused in unintended ways: price manipulation via hidden field tampering, workflow step-skipping, function call limit bypass (coupon reuse), process timing exploitation (race conditions on balance updates), and request forging via…
Identify and exploit default or weak credentials on web application login forms, admin panels, CMS backends (WordPress wp-admin, Joomla, Drupal), and embedded device management interfaces. Signals include framework fingerprinting (WhatWeb, Wappalyzer, Nikto), exposed admin paths from robots.txt/dirbusting, and weak…
JWTs that accept alg: none, trust the algorithm declared in the token header, or use guessable HMAC secrets allow attackers to forge arbitrary tokens — including admin-level claims — without knowing any signing key. Algorithm confusion attacks exploit servers that accept both RS256 (asymmetric) and HS256 (symmetric)…
Frameworks that automatically bind request body parameters to model attributes (Rails, Laravel, Django, Mongoose, Sequelize) allow attackers to set fields that were never meant to be user-modifiable. A profile update endpoint intended to accept {name, email} will also accept {role: "admin", plan: "enterprise"…
Exploit weak password reset and change flows via CSRF on reset forms, cross-user password modification by swapping username parameters, token predictability in reset links, reset displaying old password in plaintext (revealing weak storage), missing current-password verification on change forms, and session hijacker…
Detect and exploit session fixation (WSTG-SESS-01, WSTG-SESS-03) and session exposure (WSTG-SESS-04) by testing whether the server issues a new session token post-authentication, whether pre-login tokens remain valid after login, and whether session IDs are transmitted over HTTP or included in GET parameters. Analyze…
Detects code quality vulnerabilities in mobile apps (Android/iOS). Trigger on: SQL injection in SQLite, JavaScript injection in WebViews, intent injection, unsafe deserialization, NSKeyedUnarchiver, NSCoding, Java serialization, Parcelable, buffer overflow, JNI native code, PIE disabled, NX disabled, stack canary…
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+1 21d agoA132 tokens
originalMIT
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