approximation-algorithms

A guide to approximation algorithms, which find usable solutions to hard optimization problems when finding the exact best solution may be impractical. It explains how to prove how close a result is to the optimum.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it for approximation ratios, PTAS and FPTAS claims, and problems such as vertex cover, set cover, metric TSP, scheduling, bin packing, matching, and knapsack.
Why use it?
It helps you distinguish a proven quality guarantee from a heuristic that merely looks good on examples.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/arcadi4/nerdy/approximation-algorithms
Any agent
npx skills add Arcadi4/nerdy --skill approximation-algorithms
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/Arcadi4/nerdy

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Per session 75 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 4,400 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. Scan, not verified.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5 $0.00075 $0.04400
Opus 5 $0.00037 $0.02200
Sonnet 5 $0.00015 $0.00880
Haiku 4.5 $0.00007 $0.00440

Measured 2d ago against content hash 891646268ec4, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-08-30, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

approximation-algorithms scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 2d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

clrs/approximation-algorithms/SKILL.md · 422 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 422 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

Approximation Algorithms

Overview

Approximation answers are certificate audits, not heuristic endorsements. First decide whether the problem is minimization or maximization, identify a polynomial-time lower or upper bound on the optimum, then prove the returned feasible solution is within the promised factor under the chapter's exact preconditions.

Core principle: never claim an approximation ratio from a good-looking local rule. Name the optimum bound, prove feasibility, prove the ratio against that bound, and reject the claim if any precondition, encoding assumption, or shortcut inequality is missing.

Shared CLRS Conventions

  • Follow the parent clrs skill for mathematical formatting: every cost ratio, probability, recurrence, inequality, asymptotic bound, threshold, and approximation factor belongs in a display LaTeX block.
  • Keep tables verbal. Put ratio definitions, LP constraints, probabilities, trimming guarantees, and running times in display blocks near the table instead of inside table cells.
  • Use np-completeness for exact decision hardness and reductions; use this skill when the task asks for near-optimal algorithms, approximation ratios, inapproximability gaps, schemes, or approximation proof certificates.
  • Use linear-programming for general LP modeling; use this skill when an LP relaxation is being rounded to certify an approximation algorithm.
  • Do not announce that you are using this skill. Deliver the polished algorithm, proof, counterexample, or review directly.

When to Use

Use this skill for:

  • proving or refuting an approximation ratio for a polynomial-time algorithm;
  • distinguishing exact, pseudo-polynomial, PTAS, and FPTAS claims;
  • checking metric TSP, general TSP, vertex cover, set cover, MAX-3-CNF, weighted vertex cover, or subset-sum approximation arguments;
  • turning a greedy, randomized, LP-rounding, or trimming proof into a certificate-style answer;
  • reviewing chapter problem patterns such as bin packing, weighted set cover, maximal matching, list scheduling, maximum spanning tree, maximum clique, or knapsack approximations.

Read the full file on GitHub · 422 lines

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 2d ago First seen · 422 lines · 75 tokens per session scan A 891646268ec4

Subscribe to this mod's changes

approximation-algorithms is a skill published in the GitHub repository Arcadi4/nerdy (7 stars, last pushed 4mo ago), licensed MIT. It adds 75 tokens to every session and 4,400 once invoked, about $0.0004 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-31.