django-web-framework

Django Web Framework

Getting Started

Django is a high-level Python web framework that follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) pattern.

Project Setup

# Create virtual environment
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # On Windows: venv\Scripts\activate

# Install Django
pip install django

# Create new project
django-admin startproject myproject
cd myproject

# Create new app
python manage.py startapp myapp

Models (Database Layer)

Define your database schema using Django models:

# myapp/models.py
from django.db import models

class Blog(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    published = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-created_at']

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

Migrations

Track database schema changes:

# Create migrations
python manage.py makemigrations

# Apply migrations
python manage.py migrate

# Show migration plan
python manage.py showmigrations

Views (Business Logic)

Django supports class-based and function-based views:

Function-Based Views

# myapp/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .models import Blog

def blog_list(request):
    blogs = Blog.objects.filter(published=True)
    return render(request, 'blog/list.html', {'blogs': blogs})

def blog_detail(request, pk):
    blog = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=pk)
    return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', {'blog': blog})

Class-Based Views

from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView
from .models import Blog

class BlogListView(ListView):
    model = Blog
    template_name = 'blog/list.html'
    context_object_name = 'blogs'
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Blog.objects.filter(published=True)

class BlogDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Blog
    template_name = 'blog/detail.html'