orthogonality-check

orthogonality-check is a skill for Claude Code from jonZlotnik/how-to-agent. It costs 51 tokens per session (520 once invoked), scanned A, original, MIT.

A design-review method for measuring how many other parts of a codebase must change when one component changes. This is a check for coupling, where supposedly separate parts depend too closely on each other.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it when designing modules or services, reviewing broad pull requests, tracing bugs across subsystems, or investigating circular imports and shared-state problems.
Why use it?
It exposes hidden dependencies that make small changes spread across unrelated modules, tests, configuration, or documentation. You can then refactor the boundary or record the accepted dependency.

Skill for Claude Code

Written for Claude Code: shipped in a Claude Code plugin.

Part of the how-to-agent plugin — 27 skills shipped together

Good fit Use it when designing modules or services, reviewing broad pull requests, tracing bugs across subsystems, or investigating circular imports and shared-state problems.

Compare 6 skills from other repositories ↓
Install with agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check
Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

Any agent
npx skills add jonZlotnik/how-to-agent --skill orthogonality-check
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/jonZlotnik/how-to-agent

Made for: Claude Code.

Or install how-to-agent, the plugin that ships this one along with the rest of its 27 skills.

Wrote this? Show the measurements

A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.

agentmods badge for orthogonality-check

README.md
[![agentmods](https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check/github.svg)](https://agentmods.dev/skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check)
Your own site
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check/github.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>

Or the 80×15 button, for a site that already has a row of RSS and ATOM ones. Only the verdict fits; the numbers stay here.

agentmods 80×15 button for orthogonality-check

Your own site · 80×15
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/jonzlotnik/how-to-agent/orthogonality-check.svg" alt="Reviewed on agentmods" width="80" height="20"></a>
Per session 51 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 520 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. A grade says what 26 rules found in the file — not that it is safe.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5.1 $0.00051 $0.00520
Opus 5 $0.00026 $0.00260
Sonnet 5 $0.00010 $0.00104
Haiku 4.5 $0.00005 $0.00052

Measured 12d ago against content hash 94ea26216140, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-09-12, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

orthogonality-check scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 12d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

skills/orthogonality-check/SKILL.md · 44 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 44 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

Orthogonality Check

Orthogonal components change independently. The test is simple: change one thing; count what else must move. If unrelated areas have to follow, the design is coupled, and every future change pays that tax.

When to use

  • Designing a new module, service, or class
  • Reviewing a diff that spans modules you thought were unrelated
  • A bug in feature A is fixed by changing feature B
  • Tests fail in distant subsystems when one file changes

Protocol

  1. Name the change. "Switch the user store from SQL to KV." "Change the rate limit window."
  2. List what must move with it. Be ruthless — include tests, docs, configs, types, mocks, fixtures.
  3. Cluster the impacts. Same module / adjacent module / unrelated module. Anything in the third bucket is a coupling smell.
  4. Trace each unrelated impact to its cause — shared mutable state, leaked types, implicit ordering, knowledge duplication ([[dry-audit]]), reaching into private guts.
  5. Decide: refactor the seam (introduce an interface, a parameter, an event), or accept and document the coupling. Don't silently absorb it.

Quick coupling indicators

  • Two modules import each other (cycle)
  • A "utility" file is imported by half the codebase and edited every sprint
  • Changing a database column requires UI edits
  • A test in module A breaks when module B is refactored

Red flags (rationalizations to reject)

  • "It's just one extra change, no big deal." — One extra change, every time, forever.
  • "They're naturally related." — Maybe. Often "naturally related" means "I never separated them".
  • "Decoupling would be over-engineering." — Coupling is the over-engineering; you're paying compound interest on it.

Composes with

  • [[dry-audit]] — shared knowledge is the most common coupling cause.
  • [[reversible-decisions]] — orthogonal designs keep more decisions reversible.
  • [[design-by-contract]] — explicit contracts at module seams are the cheapest way to decouple.
  • [[broken-windows]] — quietly worsening coupling is the canonical broken window.

Read the full file on GitHub · 44 lines

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 12d ago First seen · 44 lines · 51 tokens per session scan A 94ea26216140

Subscribe to this mod's changes

orthogonality-check is a skill published in the GitHub repository jonZlotnik/how-to-agent (2 stars, last pushed 1mo ago), licensed MIT. It adds 51 tokens to every session and 520 once invoked, about $0.0003 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-31.