Getting it into your agent
One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.
npx skills add kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill --skill opportunity-costgit clone --depth 1 https://github.com/kangarooking/duan-yongping-skillWrote this? Show the measurements
A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.
[](https://agentmods.dev/skills/kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill/opportunity-cost)<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill/opportunity-cost"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill/opportunity-cost/github.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>Or the 80×15 button, for a site that already has a row of RSS and ATOM ones. Only the verdict fits; the numbers stay here.
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill/opportunity-cost"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill/opportunity-cost.svg" alt="Reviewed on agentmods" width="80" height="20"></a>What it costs to keep this loaded
Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.
| Model | Per session | Once invoked |
|---|---|---|
| Fable 5.1 | $0.00159 | $0.02687 |
| Opus 5 | $0.00079 | $0.01344 |
| Sonnet 5 | $0.00032 | $0.00537 |
| Haiku 4.5 | $0.00016 | $0.00269 |
Grade A, and why
opportunity-cost scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 11d ago.
A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.
Nothing flagged
None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.
How it starts
The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 137 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.
机会成本决策框架(含持有=买入)
R — 原文 (Reading)
"每天的收盘价就是我们的机会成本,没有卖就等于买了,否则可以买其他。" "无论什么时候卖都不要和买的成本联系起来。该卖的理由可能有很多,唯一不该用的理由就是'我已经赚钱了'。" "理论上讲持有=买入其实不是一个观点而是一个事实。" "投资投什么其实是基于机会成本的。"
— 段永平, 第五章 估值逻辑 · 第5-6节
I — 方法论骨架 (Interpretation)
- 持有=买入是一个事实,不是观点。 你今天没有卖出某只股票,等同于你按今天的市价重新买入了一遍。你的钱不是"被套在里面",而是你主动选择了当前价格继续持有。
- 成本是沉没的。 买入价格与卖出决策无关。不管你50元买的还是100元买的,今天的决策基准只有一个:当前价格下,这只股票是否仍然是你最好的选择。
- 机会成本是买卖的统一标准。 卖出不是因为"赚够了"或"亏怕了",而是因为找到了更好的替代选项。"够不够便宜"由你自己的机会成本决定——你还能在哪里获得更高的长期回报。
- 从10年后看回来。 短期股价波动造成的焦虑,用10年视角来过滤。如果10年后这家公司仍然很强,今天的涨跌无关紧要。
- "不卖"不等于"永远不卖"。 发现买错了立刻卖、找到明显更好的替代则换仓,但绝不能因为浮盈浮亏而决策。
A1 — 书中的应用 (Past Application)
案例 1: "没有卖就等于买了"——忠旺换茅台
- 问题: 公司同事们买了中国忠旺(约3块),段永平实地调研后判断商业模式一般、企业文化一般,建议卖出换成茅台或苹果。
- 方法论的使用: 大部分人听了建议很快换了,但有人不舍得卖,总觉得"会有机会的"——这是典型的沉没成本陷阱(不願承认已有的亏损)。
- 结论: "一转眼这么多年过去了……,机会成本刚刚的。"忠旺跌到1.46块,而茅台、苹果同期涨幅巨大。
- 结果: 不换的人不仅亏了本金,更损失了本可以投资好公司的巨大机会成本。
案例 2: 持有网易8-9年的100倍回报
- 问题: 网易从约1块涨到100多块,过程中每天都有"止盈"诱惑。
- 方法论的使用: 段永平"可能每天都会被卖价所诱惑",但用"卖股票和成本无关"的道理抵抗住。判断标准只有"公司及其业务的未来现金流",不看买入成本、不看PE/PB。网易涨到20-30倍时他还继续追加。
- 结论: 卖网易不是因为"赚够了",而是"需要换GE和Yahoo"——机会成本驱动,而非止盈逻辑。
- 结果: 100倍回报。
案例 3: 达美航空的反思——"卖了苹果去买航空"
- 问题: 段永平用多出来的现金买了1%达美航空。
- 方法论的使用: 用持有=买入视角反思——"从买入=持有或者持有=买入的角度看,我当时买入航空公司,其实等于卖了苹果去买入航空公司"。10年视角看,这不是好决策。
- 结论: "看来是自己内心的投机小心思躁动了一下。"持有航空"难受"因为"不知道时间到底站在哪一边",而持有苹果"股价怎么掉都不会介意"。
- 结果: 跟随巴菲特卖出航空公司,承认生意模式判断有误。
A2 — 触发场景 (Future Trigger) ★
用户会在什么情境下需要这个 skill?
- 止盈/止损纠结: 用户持有某只股票已经赚了(或亏了)一定比例,在犹豫要不要卖,思考的依据是浮盈浮亏比例而非公司价值。
- 换仓犹豫: 用户发现了一个可能更好的标的,但因为当前持仓"还没赚回来"或"已经赚了舍不得卖",迟迟不做决策。
- 持仓焦虑: 用户因为市场波动而对现有持仓感到不安,频繁关注股价,但没有从公司基本面和机会成本角度思考过。
语言信号 (用户的话里出现这些就应激活)
- "我已经赚了X%了,该不该止盈"
- "这只股票还亏着,舍不得割肉"
- "卖了怕涨、不卖怕跌" / "不知道该不该换"
与相邻 skill 的区分
- 与
dcf-valuation的区别: DCF skill 解决"这家公司值多少钱",本 skill 解决"在当前价格下,持有它是不是我最好的选择"。DCF 给出价值判断,机会成本做出买卖决策。 - 与
ownership-mindset的区别: 企业所有者视角解决"买什么"(用什么心态看待股票),本 skill 解决"什么时候买卖"(用什么标准做决策)。 - 与
equanimity-mindset的区别: 平常心 skill 管情绪管理,本 skill 管决策逻辑。两者常同时触发,但本 skill 提供的是可执行的决策框架,不是情绪安抚。
What ships with it
1 file beside SKILL.md in the same directory: the scripts, references and assets a skill reads on demand. Not counted in the per-session cost; read them before you install if any of them is executable.
What this file has done since we first saw it
Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.
- 11d ago First seen · 137 lines · 159 tokens per session scan A ff47c108705f
opportunity-cost is a skill published in the GitHub repository kangarooking/duan-yongping-skill (48 stars, last pushed 4mo ago), licensed MIT. It adds 159 tokens to every session and 2,687 once invoked, about $0.0008 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-30.
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