solidity-language-docs

Solidity — Smart Contract Programming Language

Version: 0.8.36 Documentation: https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/v0.8.36/ License: GPL-3.0

Solidity is an object-oriented, high-level language for implementing smart contracts on blockchain platforms, primarily Ethereum. It is statically typed, supports inheritance, libraries, and complex user-defined types.

Quick Start

Installation

# npm
npm install --global solc

# Docker
docker run ethereum/solc:0.8.36 --version

# macOS
brew install solidity

# Linux (Ubuntu)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ethereum/ethereum
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install solc

Remix IDE

For quick experimentation, use Remix — no installation required.

First Contract

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.26;

contract SimpleStorage {
    uint256 storedData;

    function set(uint256 x) public {
        storedData = x;
    }

    function get() public view returns (uint256) {
        return storedData;
    }
}

Subcurrency Example

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.26;

contract Coin {
    address public minter;
    mapping(address => uint) public balances;

    event Sent(address from, address to, uint amount);

    constructor() {
        minter = msg.sender;
    }

    function mint(address receiver, uint amount) public {
        require(msg.sender == minter);
        balances[receiver] += amount;
    }

    error InsufficientBalance(uint requested, uint available);

    function send(address receiver, uint amount) public {
        require(amount <= balances[msg.sender], InsufficientBalance(amount, balances[msg.sender]));
        balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
        balances[receiver] += amount;
        emit Sent(msg.sender, receiver, amount);
    }
}

Architecture

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)

The EVM is the runtime environment for smart contracts. It is a stack-based architecture with: