形式权威 vs 实际权威

形式权威 vs 实际权威 is a skill for Claude Code, Codex from R2h1/my-book-skills. It costs 54 tokens per session (1,040 once invoked), scanned A, original, MIT.

A framework for distinguishing formal authority from practical authority in an organisation. Formal authority comes from titles and reporting lines; practical authority comes from controlling the information and expertise needed to make decisions.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it to analyse workplace power, delegated decision-making, policy execution, information flow, leadership changes, and cooperation between departments.
Why use it?
It helps explain why the person with the highest title may not control what happens in practice.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Written for no agent in particular: nothing here depends on one.

Good fit Use it to analyse workplace power, delegated decision-making, policy execution, information flow, leadership changes, and cooperation between departments.

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Install with agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/r2h1/my-book-skills/v02-vs
Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

Any agent
npx skills add R2h1/my-book-skills --skill v02-vs
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/R2h1/my-book-skills

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Wrote this? Show the measurements

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README.md
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Your own site
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Per session 54 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 1,040 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. A grade says what 26 rules found in the file — not that it is safe.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5.1 $0.00054 $0.01040
Opus 5 $0.00027 $0.00520
Sonnet 5 $0.00011 $0.00208
Haiku 4.5 $0.00005 $0.00104

Measured 11d ago against content hash 373a4a032c3b, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-09-11, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

形式权威 vs 实际权威 scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 11d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

置身事内:中国政府与经济发展/v02-形式权威vs实际权威/SKILL.md · 39 lines

What it actually says

形式权威 vs 实际权威

R — 原文引用

"上级虽然名义上有最终决定权,拥有'形式权威',但由于信息复杂、不易处理,下级实际上自主性很大,拥有'实际权威'。维护两类权威的平衡是政府有效运作的关键。"

"实际权威来自信息优势,这一逻辑也适用于单位内部。单位领导虽有形式权威和最终决策权,但具体工作大都要求专业知识和经验,所以专职办事的人员实际权力很大。"

I — 方法论重述

形式权威是组织架构赋予的正式权力——写在岗位说明书里、画在组织架构图上、体现在汇报关系中的那种。实际权威则来自信息优势:谁掌握关键数据、客户关系、技术细节或执行经验,谁就在事实上拥有决策影响力。两者常常偏离:架构图只告诉你"谁应该听谁的",信息流才告诉你"谁实际上听谁的"。判断组织中的真实权力结构,不能看头衔和职级,要看信息在谁手里。

A1 — 书中案例

作者用三个案例说明这一原理:第一,国企分级管理——管辖层级由信息获取难度决定,偏远、差异大的企业下放给地方政府,战略重要的企业由中央保留;第二,古代官与吏——科举官员几年一换不熟悉地方事务,生于斯长于斯的吏才是真正的信息垄断者,所谓"官如骡,吏如车把式";第三,英国常务次官——内阁大臣随选举换来换去,而工作多年的常务次官因掌握部门信息和专业经验,实际权力更大,以致英剧《是,大臣》专讲新大臣被次官"耍得团团转"。

A2 — 调用时机 ★

用户在以下情境中会需要这个思维工具:空降领导指挥不动老员工(你的头衔高但对方有信息优势);总部政策在基层走样(总部有形式权威但一线有信息优势);"向上管理"遇到阻力(下属通过选择性汇报、频繁请示反向控制上级);组织架构调整后权力格局不明(新头衔未对应真实信息流);跨部门协作中某个环节说了不算(名义决策者不掌握执行信息)。

E — 执行步骤

  1. 画出形式权威结构:列出组织架构/岗位说明书/汇报关系,明确"谁在名义上对什么有决定权"。
  2. 追踪信息流向:找出谁掌握关键数据、客户关系、技术细节、操作经验、审批流程中的信息节点——信息从哪里产生、经过谁筛选、向谁汇报、可被谁扭曲。
  3. 比较两者差异:标出形式权威与实际权威不一致的地方——头衔高但信息少的人会被架空,头衔低但信息全的人才是真实决策者。
  4. 制定行动策略:如果你是信息优势方,善用但别滥用(过度自主会引发上级收权);如果你是形式权威方,不要试图绕过信息链直接下令,而是建立独立信息渠道或向下授权换取合作。

B — 边界

本框架不适用于以下场景:组织结构极扁平(信息流动充分,两类权威趋同);严格流程化或高度自动化的场景(系统代替人做出决策,信息优势无意义);纯粹的权力斗争(当一方拥有绝对奖惩权,即使无信息优势也可直接下令);法律法规或监管有明确强制性要求的事项(合规大于信息博弈)。

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 11d ago First seen · 39 lines · 54 tokens per session scan A 373a4a032c3b

Subscribe to this mod's changes

形式权威 vs 实际权威 is a skill published in the GitHub repository R2h1/my-book-skills (2 stars, last pushed 26d ago), licensed MIT. It adds 54 tokens to every session and 1,040 once invoked, about $0.0003 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-31.

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