bio-clinical-biostatistics-multiplicity-graphical

bio-clinical-biostatistics-multiplicity-graphical is a skill for Claude Code, Codex from GPTomics/bioSkills. It costs 138 tokens per session (6,204 once invoked), scanned A, original, MIT.

A statistical planning tool for handling multiple hypotheses in confirmatory clinical trials. It uses graphical, gatekeeping, hierarchical, and step-down procedures to control the chance of false positive findings across related tests.

In plain words
What is it for?
Use it to design multiplicity strategies for primary and secondary endpoints, subgroup analyses, gatekeeping sequences, and closed-testing procedures.
Why use it?
Testing many endpoints or subgroups increases the chance that at least one appears significant by luck. These methods set rules for how evidence is passed between tests while controlling the trial-wide error rate.

Skill for Claude CodeCodex

Written for no agent in particular: nothing here depends on one.

Good fit Use it to design multiplicity strategies for primary and secondary endpoints, subgroup analyses, gatekeeping sequences, and closed-testing procedures.

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Install with agentmods
npx agentmods add skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical
Install

Getting it into your agent

One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.

Any agent
npx skills add GPTomics/bioSkills --skill multiplicity-graphical
Clone the repo
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/GPTomics/bioSkills

Made for: Claude Code, Codex.

Wrote this? Show the measurements

A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.

agentmods badge for bio-clinical-biostatistics-multiplicity-graphical

README.md
[![agentmods](https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical/github.svg)](https://agentmods.dev/skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical)
Your own site
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical/github.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>

Or the 80×15 button, for a site that already has a row of RSS and ATOM ones. Only the verdict fits; the numbers stay here.

agentmods 80×15 button for bio-clinical-biostatistics-multiplicity-graphical

Your own site · 80×15
<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/gptomics/bioskills/multiplicity-graphical.svg" alt="Reviewed on agentmods" width="80" height="20"></a>
Per session 138 Skills are progressive disclosure: only the name and description are preloaded; the body loads when the skill is used.
When invoked 6,204 The whole file, excluding the scripts and references it only reads on demand.
Security scan A 0 findings. A grade says what 26 rules found in the file — not that it is safe.
Origin original No closer match found in the catalogue.
Token cost

What it costs to keep this loaded

Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.

ModelPer sessionOnce invoked
Fable 5.1 $0.00138 $0.06204
Opus 5 $0.00069 $0.03102
Sonnet 5 $0.00028 $0.01241
Haiku 4.5 $0.00014 $0.00620

Measured 6d ago against content hash e248437589ae, method: parsed. Prices are Anthropic first-party input rates as of 2026-09-09, from the pricing page.

Security

Grade A, and why

bio-clinical-biostatistics-multiplicity-graphical scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 6d ago.

A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.

Nothing flagged

None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.

Origin

Copies of this mod

1 near-identical copy found in the catalogue:

clinical-biostatistics/multiplicity-graphical/SKILL.md · 346 lines

How it starts

The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 346 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.

Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: R gMCP 0.8.16+, graphicalMCP 0.2+, gatekeeping, multcomp, multxpert; Python statsmodels 0.14+ for basic FDR/FWER methods.

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

  • R: packageVersion('<pkg>') then ?function_name
  • Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function)

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

Multiplicity Control for Confirmatory Trials

"Design the multiplicity strategy for my trial" -> Specify a closed-testing procedure (graphical, gatekeeping, hierarchical, or step-down Bonferroni-Holm) that controls family-wise error rate at the trial-wide level across primary endpoints, key secondary endpoints, and subgroup analyses, with provable strong FWER control.

The Foundational Theorem -- Closed Testing Is Necessary

Marcus, Peritz & Gabriel 1976 Biometrika 63:655: a hypothesis H_I (I ⊆ {1,...,m}) is rejected iff every intersection hypothesis ∩_{J⊇I} H_J is rejected by a valid α-level local test. Strong FWER control holds for ANY choice of local tests.

Goeman, Hemerik & Solari 2021 Ann Stat 49:1218 tightens this: closed testing is not merely sufficient — it is necessary for admissibility under FDP/FWER/k-FWER. Every admissible multiplicity procedure is equivalent to some closed test. Graphical procedures, gatekeepers, Hommel, fixed-sequence, fallback — all are closed tests in disguise.

FWER vs FDR philosophical divide:

  • FWER: P(any false positive among m tests) — regulatory standard for confirmatory inference (agency wants to bound per-trial false-positive rate)
  • FDR: Expected proportion of false discoveries among rejections — exploratory standard (genomics, fMRI, biomarker screens) where many true positives expected

Confirmatory clinical trials use FWER essentially universally.

Read the full file on GitHub · 346 lines

Files

What ships with it

2 files beside SKILL.md in the same directory: the scripts, references and assets a skill reads on demand. Not counted in the per-session cost; read them before you install if any of them is executable.

Changes

What this file has done since we first saw it

Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.

  1. 6d ago First seen · 346 lines · 138 tokens per session scan A e248437589ae

Subscribe to this mod's changes

bio-clinical-biostatistics-multiplicity-graphical is a skill published in the GitHub repository GPTomics/bioSkills (1,199 stars, last pushed 25d ago), licensed MIT. It adds 138 tokens to every session and 6,204 once invoked, about $0.0007 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-09-03.

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