Getting it into your agent
One page per mod, every tool's command on it. A separate URL per tool would split the same page into five that compete with each other.
npx agentmods add skills/choxos/biostatagent/multiplicity-methodsnpx skills add choxos/BiostatAgent --skill multiplicity-methodsgit clone --depth 1 https://github.com/choxos/BiostatAgentWrote this? Show the measurements
A badge with what this costs and how it scanned, read live from this page, so it follows the numbers instead of freezing them. Markdown for a README, HTML for a documentation site or a project page.
[](https://agentmods.dev/skills/choxos/biostatagent/multiplicity-methods)<a href="https://agentmods.dev/skills/choxos/biostatagent/multiplicity-methods"><img src="https://agentmods.dev/badge/skills/choxos/biostatagent/multiplicity-methods.svg" alt="Measured on agentmods" height="20"></a>What it costs to keep this loaded
Counted locally with the o200k_base tokenizer, which is exact for GPT models; Claude uses its own tokenizer and its counts differ. Treat this as one consistent yardstick across the catalogue rather than a bill. Prices are per million input tokens.
| Model | Per session | Once invoked |
|---|---|---|
| Fable 5.1 | $0.00030 | $0.02649 |
| Opus 5 | $0.00015 | $0.01324 |
| Sonnet 5 | $0.00006 | $0.00530 |
| Haiku 4.5 | $0.00003 | $0.00265 |
Grade A, and why
multiplicity-methods scanned grade A with 0 findings against 26 rules in 11 categories — prompt injection, anti-refusal, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, agent snooping, system-prompt leakage, SSRF and excessive agency — measured 5d ago.
A static scan of the body, not an audit. Every finding is printed with the line that produced it so you can judge whether it matters here. A mod is markdown that instructs an agent; that is exactly why what it instructs is worth reading.
Nothing flagged
None of the 26 patterns this scan looks for appear in this file: no shell pipes, no recursive deletes, no credential paths, no hidden text, no instruction-override or anti-refusal phrasing, no agent-config snooping. That is not a guarantee, it is the absence of the things that are checkable.
How it starts
The opening of the file, as written. The whole thing — 387 lines — stays where its author put it; the contents beside it link to each section on GitHub.
Multiplicity Methods
When to Use This Skill
- Selecting appropriate multiplicity adjustment procedures
- Implementing gatekeeping for primary/secondary endpoints
- Designing graphical testing procedures
- Optimizing truncation parameters (gamma)
- Ensuring FWER control in multi-arm/multi-endpoint trials
Fundamental Concepts
Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER)
FWER = P(reject at least one true null hypothesis)
Multiplicity adjustments control FWER at level α (typically 0.025 one-sided or 0.05 two-sided).
Closed Testing Principle
A hypothesis H_i can be rejected at level α if and only if all intersection hypotheses containing H_i are rejected at level α.
This principle underlies most powerful multiplicity procedures.
Single-Step Procedures
Bonferroni
Method: Reject H_i if p_i ≤ α × w_i (where Σw_i = 1)
Properties:
- Most conservative
- Valid under any dependence
- Simple implementation
MultAdjProc(proc = "BonferroniAdj",
par = parameters(weight = c(0.5, 0.5)))
Step-Down Procedures
Holm Procedure
Method:
- Order p-values: p_(1) ≤ p_(2) ≤ ... ≤ p_(m)
- Reject H_(j) if p_(j) ≤ α/(m - j + 1) for all j ≤ i
Properties:
- More powerful than Bonferroni
- Valid under any dependence
- Consonant and coherent
MultAdjProc(proc = "HolmAdj",
par = parameters(weight = c(0.6, 0.4)))
Fixed-Sequence Procedure
Method: Test hypotheses in predetermined order; stop at first non-rejection.
Properties:
- Maximum power for first hypothesis
- Zero power for later hypotheses if early ones fail
- Useful for clear hierarchy
MultAdjProc(proc = "FixedSeqAdj")
# Tests in order defined in AnalysisModel
Step-Up Procedures
Hochberg Procedure
Method:
- Order p-values: p_(1) ≤ p_(2) ≤ ... ≤ p_(m)
- Find largest j where p_(j) ≤ α × j/m
- Reject all H_(i) with p_(i) ≤ α × j/m
Properties:
- More powerful than Holm
- Requires positive dependence (PRDS) or independence
- Step-up → starts from largest p-value
What this file has done since we first saw it
Hashed on every crawl. A supply-chain change to an agent config is a question of when, not whether, so the history is kept rather than the latest state alone.
- 5d ago First seen · 387 lines · 30 tokens per session scan A 8bbf47c1820d
multiplicity-methods is a skill published in the GitHub repository choxos/BiostatAgent (11 stars, last pushed 3mo ago), licensed MIT. It adds 30 tokens to every session and 2,649 once invoked, about $0.0002 per session on Opus 5. A static security scan graded it A with 0 findings. No closer match exists in the catalogue, so it is treated as the original; first seen 2026-08-30.
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